affogare — Italian conjugation
to drown (to kill by suffocating in a liquid)
Indicative
Present (Presente) Regular
The presente covers habits, ongoing situations, and plans about to start — much like English “I study” and “I am studying”. One present tense does both in Italian.
Lavora da casa tre giorni a settimana.
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | affogo | I drown |
| tu | affoghi | you drown |
| lui/lei | affoga | he/she/it drowns |
| noi | affoghiamo | we drown |
| voi | affogate | you (pl.) drown |
| loro | affogano | they drown |
Simple past (Passato remoto) Regular
The passato remoto tells a completed, narrative past, especially in the south and in literature. The passato prossimo is the normal spoken past in the north, so you choose register and region, not a difference in time alone.
Quella sera arrivò tardi, senza alibi.
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | affogai | I drowned |
| tu | affogasti | you drowned |
| lui/lei | affogò | he/she/it drowned |
| noi | affogammo | we drowned |
| voi | affogaste | you (pl.) drowned |
| loro | affogarono | they drowned |
Imperfect (Imperfetto) Regular
The imperfetto is for incomplete past actions, context, and repeated or habitual situations without a clear end. The passato prossimo, not the remoto, is its usual “event” partner in speech.
Da bambina passavo le estati al mare.
| Pronoun | Italian |
|---|---|
| io | affogavo |
| tu | affogavi |
| lui/lei | affogava |
| noi | affogavamo |
| voi | affogavate |
| loro | affogavano |
Conditional (Condizionale) Regular
The condizionale is for polite “would you…”, first-condition hypotheticals, and reported future from a past point of view. The classic if-chain is se + imperfetto → condizionale.
Potresti alzare un poco la voce?
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | affogherei | I would drown |
| tu | affogheresti | you would drown |
| lui/lei | affogherebbe | he/she/it would drown |
| noi | affogheremmo | we would drown |
| voi | affoghereste | you (pl.) would drown |
| loro | affogherebbero | they would drown |
Future (Futuro semplice) Regular
The futuro semplice is for predictions and far decisions. In speech you often hear the present (with a time adverb) or a paraphrase, and a famous trick is the futuro di probabilità for a present guess: saranno le tre.
Domani partiremo all'alba.
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | affogherò | I will drown |
| tu | affogherai | you will drown |
| lui/lei | affogherà | he/she/it will drown |
| noi | affogheremo | we will drown |
| voi | affogherete | you (pl.) will drown |
| loro | affogheranno | they will drown |
Present perfect (Passato prossimo) Regular
The passato prossimo is the workhorse preterit-like past in the north and in everyday Italian: avere/essere + participle, essere for reflexives, motion, and other change-of-state patterns.
Siamo andati a piedi, poi abbiamo preso l'autobus.
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | ho affogato | I have drowned |
| tu | hai affogato | you have drowned |
| lui/lei | ha affogato | he/she/it has drowned |
| noi | abbiamo affogato | we have drowned |
| voi | avete affogato | you (pl.) have drowned |
| loro | hanno affogato | they have drowned |
Pluperfect (Trapassato prossimo) Regular
The trapassato prossimo is “further in the past than another past” — the Italian pluperfect. It pairs with a main past clause to mark sequence.
Avevamo già mangiato quando suonò il telefono.
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | avevo affogato | I had drowned |
| tu | avevi affogato | you had drowned |
| lui/lei | aveva affogato | he/she/it had drowned |
| noi | avevamo affogato | we had drowned |
| voi | avevate affogato | you (pl.) had drowned |
| loro | avevano affogato | they had drowned |
Conditional perfect (Condizionale passato) Regular
The condizionale passato is for unreal or missed past results and often appears with se + trapassato prossimo in the protasis.
Avrei accettato, se mi avessero avvisato in tempo.
| Pronoun | Italian |
|---|---|
| io | avrei affogato |
| tu | avresti affogato |
| lui/lei | avrebbe affogato |
| noi | avremmo affogato |
| voi | avreste affogato |
| loro | avrebbero affogato |
Future perfect (Futuro anteriore) Regular
The futuro anteriore says something will already be over before a still-later future, or, like the French, can express a logical guess about a past result.
Entro le cinque, avrà già lasciato l'ufficio.
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | avrò affogato | I will have drowned |
| tu | avrai affogato | you will have drowned |
| lui/lei | avrà affogato | he/she/it will have drowned |
| noi | avremo affogato | we will have drowned |
| voi | avrete affogato | you (pl.) will have drowned |
| loro | avranno affogato | they will have drowned |
Subjunctive
Present subjunctive (Congiuntivo presente) Regular
The congiuntivo presente is required after many verbs and fixed phrases of will, fear, purpose, and doubt. Impersonal and semi-impersonal triggers (è importante che) also force the subjunctive mood.
Penso che sia la scelta giusta.
| Pronoun | Italian |
|---|---|
| io | affoghi |
| tu | affoghi |
| lui/lei | affoghi |
| noi | affoghiamo |
| voi | affoghiate |
| loro | affoghino |
Imperfect subjunctive (Congiuntivo imperfetto) Regular
The congiuntivo imperfetto is the past of the congiuntivo system after a past matrix clause and in se + congi. imperf. → condizionale with unreal conditions.
Se avessi più tempo, viaggerei ogni mese.
| Pronoun | Italian |
|---|---|
| io | affogassi |
| tu | affogassi |
| lui/lei | affogasse |
| noi | affogassimo |
| voi | affogaste |
| loro | affogassero |
Other forms
Imperative (affirmative) (Imperativo) Regular
The affirmative imperativo reuses the tu form as 3sg for -are verbs, while other conjugations use the normal tu present. It is the direct command register.
Raccontami com'è andata l'esame.
| Pronoun | Italian |
|---|---|
| tu | affoga |
| lui/lei | affoghi |
| noi | affoghiamo |
| voi | affogate |
| loro | affoghino |
Imperative (negative) (Imperativo negativo) Regular
Negative commands use non + full infinitive in modern Italian, which is a distinctive rule compared to other Romance languages. Polite or indirect “please don’t” can still soften the tone in context.
Non aprire quella finestra, per favore.
| Pronoun | Italian |
|---|---|
| tu | non affogare |
| lui/lei | non affoghi |
| noi | non affoghiamo |
| voi | non affogate |
| loro | non affoghino |