azzardare — Italian conjugation
to dare
Indicative
Present (Presente) Regular
The presente covers habits, ongoing situations, and plans about to start — much like English “I study” and “I am studying”. One present tense does both in Italian.
Lavora da casa tre giorni a settimana.
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | azzardo | I dare |
| tu | azzardi | you dare |
| lui/lei | azzarda | he/she/it dares |
| noi | azzardiamo | we dare |
| voi | azzardate | you (pl.) dare |
| loro | azzardano | they dare |
Simple past (Passato remoto) Regular
The passato remoto tells a completed, narrative past, especially in the south and in literature. The passato prossimo is the normal spoken past in the north, so you choose register and region, not a difference in time alone.
Quella sera arrivò tardi, senza alibi.
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | azzardai | I dared |
| tu | azzardasti | you dared |
| lui/lei | azzardò | he/she/it dared |
| noi | azzardammo | we dared |
| voi | azzardaste | you (pl.) dared |
| loro | azzardarono | they dared |
Imperfect (Imperfetto) Regular
The imperfetto is for incomplete past actions, context, and repeated or habitual situations without a clear end. The passato prossimo, not the remoto, is its usual “event” partner in speech.
Da bambina passavo le estati al mare.
| Pronoun | Italian |
|---|---|
| io | azzardavo |
| tu | azzardavi |
| lui/lei | azzardava |
| noi | azzardavamo |
| voi | azzardavate |
| loro | azzardavano |
Conditional (Condizionale) Regular
The condizionale is for polite “would you…”, first-condition hypotheticals, and reported future from a past point of view. The classic if-chain is se + imperfetto → condizionale.
Potresti alzare un poco la voce?
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | azzarderei | I would dare |
| tu | azzarderesti | you would dare |
| lui/lei | azzarderebbe | he/she/it would dare |
| noi | azzarderemmo | we would dare |
| voi | azzardereste | you (pl.) would dare |
| loro | azzarderebbero | they would dare |
Future (Futuro semplice) Regular
The futuro semplice is for predictions and far decisions. In speech you often hear the present (with a time adverb) or a paraphrase, and a famous trick is the futuro di probabilità for a present guess: saranno le tre.
Domani partiremo all'alba.
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | azzarderò | I will dare |
| tu | azzarderai | you will dare |
| lui/lei | azzarderà | he/she/it will dare |
| noi | azzarderemo | we will dare |
| voi | azzarderete | you (pl.) will dare |
| loro | azzarderanno | they will dare |
Present perfect (Passato prossimo) Regular
The passato prossimo is the workhorse preterit-like past in the north and in everyday Italian: avere/essere + participle, essere for reflexives, motion, and other change-of-state patterns.
Siamo andati a piedi, poi abbiamo preso l'autobus.
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | ho azzardato | I have dared |
| tu | hai azzardato | you have dared |
| lui/lei | ha azzardato | he/she/it has dared |
| noi | abbiamo azzardato | we have dared |
| voi | avete azzardato | you (pl.) have dared |
| loro | hanno azzardato | they have dared |
Pluperfect (Trapassato prossimo) Regular
The trapassato prossimo is “further in the past than another past” — the Italian pluperfect. It pairs with a main past clause to mark sequence.
Avevamo già mangiato quando suonò il telefono.
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | avevo azzardato | I had dared |
| tu | avevi azzardato | you had dared |
| lui/lei | aveva azzardato | he/she/it had dared |
| noi | avevamo azzardato | we had dared |
| voi | avevate azzardato | you (pl.) had dared |
| loro | avevano azzardato | they had dared |
Conditional perfect (Condizionale passato) Regular
The condizionale passato is for unreal or missed past results and often appears with se + trapassato prossimo in the protasis.
Avrei accettato, se mi avessero avvisato in tempo.
| Pronoun | Italian |
|---|---|
| io | avrei azzardato |
| tu | avresti azzardato |
| lui/lei | avrebbe azzardato |
| noi | avremmo azzardato |
| voi | avreste azzardato |
| loro | avrebbero azzardato |
Future perfect (Futuro anteriore) Regular
The futuro anteriore says something will already be over before a still-later future, or, like the French, can express a logical guess about a past result.
Entro le cinque, avrà già lasciato l'ufficio.
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | avrò azzardato | I will have dared |
| tu | avrai azzardato | you will have dared |
| lui/lei | avrà azzardato | he/she/it will have dared |
| noi | avremo azzardato | we will have dared |
| voi | avrete azzardato | you (pl.) will have dared |
| loro | avranno azzardato | they will have dared |
Subjunctive
Present subjunctive (Congiuntivo presente) Regular
The congiuntivo presente is required after many verbs and fixed phrases of will, fear, purpose, and doubt. Impersonal and semi-impersonal triggers (è importante che) also force the subjunctive mood.
Penso che sia la scelta giusta.
| Pronoun | Italian |
|---|---|
| io | azzardi |
| tu | azzardi |
| lui/lei | azzardi |
| noi | azzardiamo |
| voi | azzardiate |
| loro | azzardino |
Imperfect subjunctive (Congiuntivo imperfetto) Regular
The congiuntivo imperfetto is the past of the congiuntivo system after a past matrix clause and in se + congi. imperf. → condizionale with unreal conditions.
Se avessi più tempo, viaggerei ogni mese.
| Pronoun | Italian |
|---|---|
| io | azzardassi |
| tu | azzardassi |
| lui/lei | azzardasse |
| noi | azzardassimo |
| voi | azzardaste |
| loro | azzardassero |
Other forms
Imperative (affirmative) (Imperativo) Regular
The affirmative imperativo reuses the tu form as 3sg for -are verbs, while other conjugations use the normal tu present. It is the direct command register.
Raccontami com'è andata l'esame.
| Pronoun | Italian |
|---|---|
| tu | azzarda |
| lui/lei | azzardi |
| noi | azzardiamo |
| voi | azzardate |
| loro | azzardino |
Imperative (negative) (Imperativo negativo) Regular
Negative commands use non + full infinitive in modern Italian, which is a distinctive rule compared to other Romance languages. Polite or indirect “please don’t” can still soften the tone in context.
Non aprire quella finestra, per favore.
| Pronoun | Italian |
|---|---|
| tu | non azzardare |
| lui/lei | non azzardi |
| noi | non azzardiamo |
| voi | non azzardate |
| loro | non azzardino |