confondere — Italian conjugation
to confuse
Indicative
Present (Presente) Regular
The presente covers habits, ongoing situations, and plans about to start — much like English “I study” and “I am studying”. One present tense does both in Italian.
Lavora da casa tre giorni a settimana.
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | confondo | I confuse |
| tu | confondi | you confuse |
| lui/lei | confonde | he/she/it confuses |
| noi | confondiamo | we confuse |
| voi | confondete | you (pl.) confuse |
| loro | confondono | they confuse |
Simple past (Passato remoto) Irregular
The passato remoto tells a completed, narrative past, especially in the south and in literature. The passato prossimo is the normal spoken past in the north, so you choose register and region, not a difference in time alone.
Quella sera arrivò tardi, senza alibi.
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | confusi | I confused |
| tu | confondesti | you confused |
| lui/lei | confuse | he/she/it confused |
| noi | confondemmo | we confused |
| voi | confondeste | you (pl.) confused |
| loro | confusero | they confused |
Imperfect (Imperfetto) Regular
The imperfetto is for incomplete past actions, context, and repeated or habitual situations without a clear end. The passato prossimo, not the remoto, is its usual “event” partner in speech.
Da bambina passavo le estati al mare.
| Pronoun | Italian |
|---|---|
| io | confondevo |
| tu | confondevi |
| lui/lei | confondeva |
| noi | confondevamo |
| voi | confondevate |
| loro | confondevano |
Conditional (Condizionale) Regular
The condizionale is for polite “would you…”, first-condition hypotheticals, and reported future from a past point of view. The classic if-chain is se + imperfetto → condizionale.
Potresti alzare un poco la voce?
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | confonderei | I would confuse |
| tu | confonderesti | you would confuse |
| lui/lei | confonderebbe | he/she/it would confuse |
| noi | confonderemmo | we would confuse |
| voi | confondereste | you (pl.) would confuse |
| loro | confonderebbero | they would confuse |
Future (Futuro semplice) Regular
The futuro semplice is for predictions and far decisions. In speech you often hear the present (with a time adverb) or a paraphrase, and a famous trick is the futuro di probabilità for a present guess: saranno le tre.
Domani partiremo all'alba.
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | confonderò | I will confuse |
| tu | confonderai | you will confuse |
| lui/lei | confonderà | he/she/it will confuse |
| noi | confonderemo | we will confuse |
| voi | confonderete | you (pl.) will confuse |
| loro | confonderanno | they will confuse |
Present perfect (Passato prossimo) Regular
The passato prossimo is the workhorse preterit-like past in the north and in everyday Italian: avere/essere + participle, essere for reflexives, motion, and other change-of-state patterns.
Siamo andati a piedi, poi abbiamo preso l'autobus.
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | ho confuso | I have confused |
| tu | hai confuso | you have confused |
| lui/lei | ha confuso | he/she/it has confused |
| noi | abbiamo confuso | we have confused |
| voi | avete confuso | you (pl.) have confused |
| loro | hanno confuso | they have confused |
Pluperfect (Trapassato prossimo) Regular
The trapassato prossimo is “further in the past than another past” — the Italian pluperfect. It pairs with a main past clause to mark sequence.
Avevamo già mangiato quando suonò il telefono.
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | avevo confuso | I had confused |
| tu | avevi confuso | you had confused |
| lui/lei | aveva confuso | he/she/it had confused |
| noi | avevamo confuso | we had confused |
| voi | avevate confuso | you (pl.) had confused |
| loro | avevano confuso | they had confused |
Conditional perfect (Condizionale passato) Regular
The condizionale passato is for unreal or missed past results and often appears with se + trapassato prossimo in the protasis.
Avrei accettato, se mi avessero avvisato in tempo.
| Pronoun | Italian |
|---|---|
| io | avrei confuso |
| tu | avresti confuso |
| lui/lei | avrebbe confuso |
| noi | avremmo confuso |
| voi | avreste confuso |
| loro | avrebbero confuso |
Future perfect (Futuro anteriore) Regular
The futuro anteriore says something will already be over before a still-later future, or, like the French, can express a logical guess about a past result.
Entro le cinque, avrà già lasciato l'ufficio.
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | avrò confuso | I will have confused |
| tu | avrai confuso | you will have confused |
| lui/lei | avrà confuso | he/she/it will have confused |
| noi | avremo confuso | we will have confused |
| voi | avrete confuso | you (pl.) will have confused |
| loro | avranno confuso | they will have confused |
Subjunctive
Present subjunctive (Congiuntivo presente) Regular
The congiuntivo presente is required after many verbs and fixed phrases of will, fear, purpose, and doubt. Impersonal and semi-impersonal triggers (è importante che) also force the subjunctive mood.
Penso che sia la scelta giusta.
| Pronoun | Italian |
|---|---|
| io | confonda |
| tu | confonda |
| lui/lei | confonda |
| noi | confondiamo |
| voi | confondiate |
| loro | confondano |
Imperfect subjunctive (Congiuntivo imperfetto) Regular
The congiuntivo imperfetto is the past of the congiuntivo system after a past matrix clause and in se + congi. imperf. → condizionale with unreal conditions.
Se avessi più tempo, viaggerei ogni mese.
| Pronoun | Italian |
|---|---|
| io | confondessi |
| tu | confondessi |
| lui/lei | confondesse |
| noi | confondessimo |
| voi | confondeste |
| loro | confondessero |
Other forms
Imperative (affirmative) (Imperativo) Regular
The affirmative imperativo reuses the tu form as 3sg for -are verbs, while other conjugations use the normal tu present. It is the direct command register.
Raccontami com'è andata l'esame.
| Pronoun | Italian |
|---|---|
| tu | confondi |
| lui/lei | confonda |
| noi | confondiamo |
| voi | confondete |
| loro | confondano |
Imperative (negative) (Imperativo negativo) Regular
Negative commands use non + full infinitive in modern Italian, which is a distinctive rule compared to other Romance languages. Polite or indirect “please don’t” can still soften the tone in context.
Non aprire quella finestra, per favore.
| Pronoun | Italian |
|---|---|
| tu | non confondere |
| lui/lei | non confonda |
| noi | non confondiamo |
| voi | non confondete |
| loro | non confondano |