stabilire — Italian conjugation
to establish
Indicative
Present (Presente) Irregular
The presente covers habits, ongoing situations, and plans about to start — much like English “I study” and “I am studying”. One present tense does both in Italian.
Lavora da casa tre giorni a settimana.
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | stabilisco | I establish |
| tu | stabilisci | you establish |
| lui/lei | stabilisce | he/she/it establishes |
| noi | stabiliamo | we establish |
| voi | stabilite | you (pl.) establish |
| loro | stabiliscono | they establish |
Simple past (Passato remoto) Regular
The passato remoto tells a completed, narrative past, especially in the south and in literature. The passato prossimo is the normal spoken past in the north, so you choose register and region, not a difference in time alone.
Quella sera arrivò tardi, senza alibi.
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | stabilii | I established |
| tu | stabilisti | you established |
| lui/lei | stabilì | he/she/it established |
| noi | stabilimmo | we established |
| voi | stabiliste | you (pl.) established |
| loro | stabilirono | they established |
Imperfect (Imperfetto) Regular
The imperfetto is for incomplete past actions, context, and repeated or habitual situations without a clear end. The passato prossimo, not the remoto, is its usual “event” partner in speech.
Da bambina passavo le estati al mare.
| Pronoun | Italian |
|---|---|
| io | stabilivo |
| tu | stabilivi |
| lui/lei | stabiliva |
| noi | stabilivamo |
| voi | stabilivate |
| loro | stabilivano |
Conditional (Condizionale) Regular
The condizionale is for polite “would you…”, first-condition hypotheticals, and reported future from a past point of view. The classic if-chain is se + imperfetto → condizionale.
Potresti alzare un poco la voce?
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | stabilirei | I would establish |
| tu | stabiliresti | you would establish |
| lui/lei | stabilirebbe | he/she/it would establish |
| noi | stabiliremmo | we would establish |
| voi | stabilireste | you (pl.) would establish |
| loro | stabilirebbero | they would establish |
Future (Futuro semplice) Regular
The futuro semplice is for predictions and far decisions. In speech you often hear the present (with a time adverb) or a paraphrase, and a famous trick is the futuro di probabilità for a present guess: saranno le tre.
Domani partiremo all'alba.
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | stabilirò | I will establish |
| tu | stabilirai | you will establish |
| lui/lei | stabilirà | he/she/it will establish |
| noi | stabiliremo | we will establish |
| voi | stabilirete | you (pl.) will establish |
| loro | stabiliranno | they will establish |
Present perfect (Passato prossimo) Regular
The passato prossimo is the workhorse preterit-like past in the north and in everyday Italian: avere/essere + participle, essere for reflexives, motion, and other change-of-state patterns.
Siamo andati a piedi, poi abbiamo preso l'autobus.
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | ho stabilito | I have established |
| tu | hai stabilito | you have established |
| lui/lei | ha stabilito | he/she/it has established |
| noi | abbiamo stabilito | we have established |
| voi | avete stabilito | you (pl.) have established |
| loro | hanno stabilito | they have established |
Pluperfect (Trapassato prossimo) Regular
The trapassato prossimo is “further in the past than another past” — the Italian pluperfect. It pairs with a main past clause to mark sequence.
Avevamo già mangiato quando suonò il telefono.
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | avevo stabilito | I had established |
| tu | avevi stabilito | you had established |
| lui/lei | aveva stabilito | he/she/it had established |
| noi | avevamo stabilito | we had established |
| voi | avevate stabilito | you (pl.) had established |
| loro | avevano stabilito | they had established |
Conditional perfect (Condizionale passato) Regular
The condizionale passato is for unreal or missed past results and often appears with se + trapassato prossimo in the protasis.
Avrei accettato, se mi avessero avvisato in tempo.
| Pronoun | Italian |
|---|---|
| io | avrei stabilito |
| tu | avresti stabilito |
| lui/lei | avrebbe stabilito |
| noi | avremmo stabilito |
| voi | avreste stabilito |
| loro | avrebbero stabilito |
Future perfect (Futuro anteriore) Regular
The futuro anteriore says something will already be over before a still-later future, or, like the French, can express a logical guess about a past result.
Entro le cinque, avrà già lasciato l'ufficio.
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | avrò stabilito | I will have established |
| tu | avrai stabilito | you will have established |
| lui/lei | avrà stabilito | he/she/it will have established |
| noi | avremo stabilito | we will have established |
| voi | avrete stabilito | you (pl.) will have established |
| loro | avranno stabilito | they will have established |
Subjunctive
Present subjunctive (Congiuntivo presente) Irregular
The congiuntivo presente is required after many verbs and fixed phrases of will, fear, purpose, and doubt. Impersonal and semi-impersonal triggers (è importante che) also force the subjunctive mood.
Penso che sia la scelta giusta.
| Pronoun | Italian |
|---|---|
| io | stabilisca |
| tu | stabilisca |
| lui/lei | stabilisca |
| noi | stabiliamo |
| voi | stabiliate |
| loro | stabiliscano |
Imperfect subjunctive (Congiuntivo imperfetto) Regular
The congiuntivo imperfetto is the past of the congiuntivo system after a past matrix clause and in se + congi. imperf. → condizionale with unreal conditions.
Se avessi più tempo, viaggerei ogni mese.
| Pronoun | Italian |
|---|---|
| io | stabilissi |
| tu | stabilissi |
| lui/lei | stabilisse |
| noi | stabilissimo |
| voi | stabiliste |
| loro | stabilissero |
Other forms
Imperative (affirmative) (Imperativo) Regular
The affirmative imperativo reuses the tu form as 3sg for -are verbs, while other conjugations use the normal tu present. It is the direct command register.
Raccontami com'è andata l'esame.
| Pronoun | Italian |
|---|---|
| tu | stabilisci |
| lui/lei | stabilisca |
| noi | stabiliamo |
| voi | stabilite |
| loro | stabiliscano |
Imperative (negative) (Imperativo negativo) Regular
Negative commands use non + full infinitive in modern Italian, which is a distinctive rule compared to other Romance languages. Polite or indirect “please don’t” can still soften the tone in context.
Non aprire quella finestra, per favore.
| Pronoun | Italian |
|---|---|
| tu | non stabilire |
| lui/lei | non stabilisca |
| noi | non stabiliamo |
| voi | non stabilite |
| loro | non stabiliscano |