costruire — Italian conjugation

to build

Frequency#96Irregular

Indicative

Present (Presente) Irregular

The presente covers habits, ongoing situations, and plans about to start — much like English “I study” and “I am studying”. One present tense does both in Italian.

Lavora da casa tre giorni a settimana.

PronounItalianEnglish
iocostruiscoI build
tucostruisciyou build
lui/leicostruiscehe/she/it builds
noicostruiamowe build
voicostruiteyou (pl.) build
lorocostruisconothey build

Simple past (Passato remoto) Regular

The passato remoto tells a completed, narrative past, especially in the south and in literature. The passato prossimo is the normal spoken past in the north, so you choose register and region, not a difference in time alone.

Quella sera arrivò tardi, senza alibi.

PronounItalianEnglish
iocostruiiI built
tucostruistiyou built
lui/leicostruìhe/she/it built
noicostruimmowe built
voicostruisteyou (pl.) built
lorocostruironothey built

Imperfect (Imperfetto) Regular

The imperfetto is for incomplete past actions, context, and repeated or habitual situations without a clear end. The passato prossimo, not the remoto, is its usual “event” partner in speech.

Da bambina passavo le estati al mare.

PronounItalian
iocostruivo
tucostruivi
lui/leicostruiva
noicostruivamo
voicostruivate
lorocostruivano

Conditional (Condizionale) Regular

The condizionale is for polite “would you…”, first-condition hypotheticals, and reported future from a past point of view. The classic if-chain is se + imperfetto → condizionale.

Potresti alzare un poco la voce?

PronounItalianEnglish
iocostruireiI would build
tucostruirestiyou would build
lui/leicostruirebbehe/she/it would build
noicostruiremmowe would build
voicostruiresteyou (pl.) would build
lorocostruirebberothey would build

Future (Futuro semplice) Regular

The futuro semplice is for predictions and far decisions. In speech you often hear the present (with a time adverb) or a paraphrase, and a famous trick is the futuro di probabilità for a present guess: saranno le tre.

Domani partiremo all'alba.

PronounItalianEnglish
iocostruiròI will build
tucostruiraiyou will build
lui/leicostruiràhe/she/it will build
noicostruiremowe will build
voicostruireteyou (pl.) will build
lorocostruirannothey will build

Present perfect (Passato prossimo) Regular

The passato prossimo is the workhorse preterit-like past in the north and in everyday Italian: avere/essere + participle, essere for reflexives, motion, and other change-of-state patterns.

Siamo andati a piedi, poi abbiamo preso l'autobus.

PronounItalianEnglish
ioho costruitoI have built
tuhai costruitoyou have built
lui/leiha costruitohe/she/it has built
noiabbiamo costruitowe have built
voiavete costruitoyou (pl.) have built
lorohanno costruitothey have built

Pluperfect (Trapassato prossimo) Regular

The trapassato prossimo is “further in the past than another past” — the Italian pluperfect. It pairs with a main past clause to mark sequence.

Avevamo già mangiato quando suonò il telefono.

PronounItalianEnglish
ioavevo costruitoI had built
tuavevi costruitoyou had built
lui/leiaveva costruitohe/she/it had built
noiavevamo costruitowe had built
voiavevate costruitoyou (pl.) had built
loroavevano costruitothey had built

Conditional perfect (Condizionale passato) Regular

The condizionale passato is for unreal or missed past results and often appears with se + trapassato prossimo in the protasis.

Avrei accettato, se mi avessero avvisato in tempo.

PronounItalian
ioavrei costruito
tuavresti costruito
lui/leiavrebbe costruito
noiavremmo costruito
voiavreste costruito
loroavrebbero costruito

Future perfect (Futuro anteriore) Regular

The futuro anteriore says something will already be over before a still-later future, or, like the French, can express a logical guess about a past result.

Entro le cinque, avrà già lasciato l'ufficio.

PronounItalianEnglish
ioavrò costruitoI will have built
tuavrai costruitoyou will have built
lui/leiavrà costruitohe/she/it will have built
noiavremo costruitowe will have built
voiavrete costruitoyou (pl.) will have built
loroavranno costruitothey will have built

Subjunctive

Present subjunctive (Congiuntivo presente) Irregular

The congiuntivo presente is required after many verbs and fixed phrases of will, fear, purpose, and doubt. Impersonal and semi-impersonal triggers (è importante che) also force the subjunctive mood.

Penso che sia la scelta giusta.

PronounItalian
iocostruisca
tucostruisca
lui/leicostruisca
noicostruiamo
voicostruiate
lorocostruiscano

Imperfect subjunctive (Congiuntivo imperfetto) Regular

The congiuntivo imperfetto is the past of the congiuntivo system after a past matrix clause and in se + congi. imperf. → condizionale with unreal conditions.

Se avessi più tempo, viaggerei ogni mese.

PronounItalian
iocostruissi
tucostruissi
lui/leicostruisse
noicostruissimo
voicostruiste
lorocostruissero

Other forms

Imperative (affirmative) (Imperativo) Regular

The affirmative imperativo reuses the tu form as 3sg for -are verbs, while other conjugations use the normal tu present. It is the direct command register.

Raccontami com'è andata l'esame.

PronounItalian
tucostruisci
lui/leicostruisca
noicostruiamo
voicostruite
lorocostruiscano

Imperative (negative) (Imperativo negativo) Regular

Negative commands use non + full infinitive in modern Italian, which is a distinctive rule compared to other Romance languages. Polite or indirect “please don’t” can still soften the tone in context.

Non aprire quella finestra, per favore.

PronounItalian
tunon costruire
lui/leinon costruisca
noinon costruiamo
voinon costruite
loronon costruiscano