cantare — Italian conjugation

to sing

Frequency#100Regular

Indicative

Present (Presente) Regular

The presente covers habits, ongoing situations, and plans about to start — much like English “I study” and “I am studying”. One present tense does both in Italian.

Lavora da casa tre giorni a settimana.

PronounItalianEnglish
iocantoI sing
tucantiyou sing
lui/leicantahe/she/it sings
noicantiamowe sing
voicantateyou (pl.) sing
lorocantanothey sing

Simple past (Passato remoto) Regular

The passato remoto tells a completed, narrative past, especially in the south and in literature. The passato prossimo is the normal spoken past in the north, so you choose register and region, not a difference in time alone.

Quella sera arrivò tardi, senza alibi.

PronounItalianEnglish
iocantaiI sang
tucantastiyou sang
lui/leicantòhe/she/it sang
noicantammowe sang
voicantasteyou (pl.) sang
lorocantaronothey sang

Imperfect (Imperfetto) Regular

The imperfetto is for incomplete past actions, context, and repeated or habitual situations without a clear end. The passato prossimo, not the remoto, is its usual “event” partner in speech.

Da bambina passavo le estati al mare.

PronounItalian
iocantavo
tucantavi
lui/leicantava
noicantavamo
voicantavate
lorocantavano

Conditional (Condizionale) Regular

The condizionale is for polite “would you…”, first-condition hypotheticals, and reported future from a past point of view. The classic if-chain is se + imperfetto → condizionale.

Potresti alzare un poco la voce?

PronounItalianEnglish
iocantereiI would sing
tucanterestiyou would sing
lui/leicanterebbehe/she/it would sing
noicanteremmowe would sing
voicanteresteyou (pl.) would sing
lorocanterebberothey would sing

Future (Futuro semplice) Regular

The futuro semplice is for predictions and far decisions. In speech you often hear the present (with a time adverb) or a paraphrase, and a famous trick is the futuro di probabilità for a present guess: saranno le tre.

Domani partiremo all'alba.

PronounItalianEnglish
iocanteròI will sing
tucanteraiyou will sing
lui/leicanteràhe/she/it will sing
noicanteremowe will sing
voicantereteyou (pl.) will sing
lorocanterannothey will sing

Present perfect (Passato prossimo) Regular

The passato prossimo is the workhorse preterit-like past in the north and in everyday Italian: avere/essere + participle, essere for reflexives, motion, and other change-of-state patterns.

Siamo andati a piedi, poi abbiamo preso l'autobus.

PronounItalianEnglish
ioho cantatoI have sung
tuhai cantatoyou have sung
lui/leiha cantatohe/she/it has sung
noiabbiamo cantatowe have sung
voiavete cantatoyou (pl.) have sung
lorohanno cantatothey have sung

Pluperfect (Trapassato prossimo) Regular

The trapassato prossimo is “further in the past than another past” — the Italian pluperfect. It pairs with a main past clause to mark sequence.

Avevamo già mangiato quando suonò il telefono.

PronounItalianEnglish
ioavevo cantatoI had sung
tuavevi cantatoyou had sung
lui/leiaveva cantatohe/she/it had sung
noiavevamo cantatowe had sung
voiavevate cantatoyou (pl.) had sung
loroavevano cantatothey had sung

Conditional perfect (Condizionale passato) Regular

The condizionale passato is for unreal or missed past results and often appears with se + trapassato prossimo in the protasis.

Avrei accettato, se mi avessero avvisato in tempo.

PronounItalian
ioavrei cantato
tuavresti cantato
lui/leiavrebbe cantato
noiavremmo cantato
voiavreste cantato
loroavrebbero cantato

Future perfect (Futuro anteriore) Regular

The futuro anteriore says something will already be over before a still-later future, or, like the French, can express a logical guess about a past result.

Entro le cinque, avrà già lasciato l'ufficio.

PronounItalianEnglish
ioavrò cantatoI will have sung
tuavrai cantatoyou will have sung
lui/leiavrà cantatohe/she/it will have sung
noiavremo cantatowe will have sung
voiavrete cantatoyou (pl.) will have sung
loroavranno cantatothey will have sung

Subjunctive

Present subjunctive (Congiuntivo presente) Regular

The congiuntivo presente is required after many verbs and fixed phrases of will, fear, purpose, and doubt. Impersonal and semi-impersonal triggers (è importante che) also force the subjunctive mood.

Penso che sia la scelta giusta.

PronounItalian
iocanti
tucanti
lui/leicanti
noicantiamo
voicantiate
lorocantino

Imperfect subjunctive (Congiuntivo imperfetto) Regular

The congiuntivo imperfetto is the past of the congiuntivo system after a past matrix clause and in se + congi. imperf. → condizionale with unreal conditions.

Se avessi più tempo, viaggerei ogni mese.

PronounItalian
iocantassi
tucantassi
lui/leicantasse
noicantassimo
voicantaste
lorocantassero

Other forms

Imperative (affirmative) (Imperativo) Regular

The affirmative imperativo reuses the tu form as 3sg for -are verbs, while other conjugations use the normal tu present. It is the direct command register.

Raccontami com'è andata l'esame.

PronounItalian
tucanta
lui/leicanti
noicantiamo
voicantate
lorocantino

Imperative (negative) (Imperativo negativo) Regular

Negative commands use non + full infinitive in modern Italian, which is a distinctive rule compared to other Romance languages. Polite or indirect “please don’t” can still soften the tone in context.

Non aprire quella finestra, per favore.

PronounItalian
tunon cantare
lui/leinon canti
noinon cantiamo
voinon cantate
loronon cantino