gridare — Italian conjugation
to shout
Indicative
Present (Presente) Regular
The presente covers habits, ongoing situations, and plans about to start — much like English “I study” and “I am studying”. One present tense does both in Italian.
Lavora da casa tre giorni a settimana.
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | grido | I shout |
| tu | gridi | you shout |
| lui/lei | grida | he/she/it shouts |
| noi | gridiamo | we shout |
| voi | gridate | you (pl.) shout |
| loro | gridano | they shout |
Simple past (Passato remoto) Regular
The passato remoto tells a completed, narrative past, especially in the south and in literature. The passato prossimo is the normal spoken past in the north, so you choose register and region, not a difference in time alone.
Quella sera arrivò tardi, senza alibi.
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | gridai | I shouted |
| tu | gridasti | you shouted |
| lui/lei | gridò | he/she/it shouted |
| noi | gridammo | we shouted |
| voi | gridaste | you (pl.) shouted |
| loro | gridarono | they shouted |
Imperfect (Imperfetto) Regular
The imperfetto is for incomplete past actions, context, and repeated or habitual situations without a clear end. The passato prossimo, not the remoto, is its usual “event” partner in speech.
Da bambina passavo le estati al mare.
| Pronoun | Italian |
|---|---|
| io | gridavo |
| tu | gridavi |
| lui/lei | gridava |
| noi | gridavamo |
| voi | gridavate |
| loro | gridavano |
Conditional (Condizionale) Regular
The condizionale is for polite “would you…”, first-condition hypotheticals, and reported future from a past point of view. The classic if-chain is se + imperfetto → condizionale.
Potresti alzare un poco la voce?
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | griderei | I would shout |
| tu | grideresti | you would shout |
| lui/lei | griderebbe | he/she/it would shout |
| noi | grideremmo | we would shout |
| voi | gridereste | you (pl.) would shout |
| loro | griderebbero | they would shout |
Future (Futuro semplice) Regular
The futuro semplice is for predictions and far decisions. In speech you often hear the present (with a time adverb) or a paraphrase, and a famous trick is the futuro di probabilità for a present guess: saranno le tre.
Domani partiremo all'alba.
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | griderò | I will shout |
| tu | griderai | you will shout |
| lui/lei | griderà | he/she/it will shout |
| noi | grideremo | we will shout |
| voi | griderete | you (pl.) will shout |
| loro | grideranno | they will shout |
Present perfect (Passato prossimo) Regular
The passato prossimo is the workhorse preterit-like past in the north and in everyday Italian: avere/essere + participle, essere for reflexives, motion, and other change-of-state patterns.
Siamo andati a piedi, poi abbiamo preso l'autobus.
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | ho gridato | I have shouted |
| tu | hai gridato | you have shouted |
| lui/lei | ha gridato | he/she/it has shouted |
| noi | abbiamo gridato | we have shouted |
| voi | avete gridato | you (pl.) have shouted |
| loro | hanno gridato | they have shouted |
Pluperfect (Trapassato prossimo) Regular
The trapassato prossimo is “further in the past than another past” — the Italian pluperfect. It pairs with a main past clause to mark sequence.
Avevamo già mangiato quando suonò il telefono.
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | avevo gridato | I had shouted |
| tu | avevi gridato | you had shouted |
| lui/lei | aveva gridato | he/she/it had shouted |
| noi | avevamo gridato | we had shouted |
| voi | avevate gridato | you (pl.) had shouted |
| loro | avevano gridato | they had shouted |
Conditional perfect (Condizionale passato) Regular
The condizionale passato is for unreal or missed past results and often appears with se + trapassato prossimo in the protasis.
Avrei accettato, se mi avessero avvisato in tempo.
| Pronoun | Italian |
|---|---|
| io | avrei gridato |
| tu | avresti gridato |
| lui/lei | avrebbe gridato |
| noi | avremmo gridato |
| voi | avreste gridato |
| loro | avrebbero gridato |
Future perfect (Futuro anteriore) Regular
The futuro anteriore says something will already be over before a still-later future, or, like the French, can express a logical guess about a past result.
Entro le cinque, avrà già lasciato l'ufficio.
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | avrò gridato | I will have shouted |
| tu | avrai gridato | you will have shouted |
| lui/lei | avrà gridato | he/she/it will have shouted |
| noi | avremo gridato | we will have shouted |
| voi | avrete gridato | you (pl.) will have shouted |
| loro | avranno gridato | they will have shouted |
Subjunctive
Present subjunctive (Congiuntivo presente) Regular
The congiuntivo presente is required after many verbs and fixed phrases of will, fear, purpose, and doubt. Impersonal and semi-impersonal triggers (è importante che) also force the subjunctive mood.
Penso che sia la scelta giusta.
| Pronoun | Italian |
|---|---|
| io | gridi |
| tu | gridi |
| lui/lei | gridi |
| noi | gridiamo |
| voi | gridiate |
| loro | gridino |
Imperfect subjunctive (Congiuntivo imperfetto) Regular
The congiuntivo imperfetto is the past of the congiuntivo system after a past matrix clause and in se + congi. imperf. → condizionale with unreal conditions.
Se avessi più tempo, viaggerei ogni mese.
| Pronoun | Italian |
|---|---|
| io | gridassi |
| tu | gridassi |
| lui/lei | gridasse |
| noi | gridassimo |
| voi | gridaste |
| loro | gridassero |
Other forms
Imperative (affirmative) (Imperativo) Regular
The affirmative imperativo reuses the tu form as 3sg for -are verbs, while other conjugations use the normal tu present. It is the direct command register.
Raccontami com'è andata l'esame.
| Pronoun | Italian |
|---|---|
| tu | grida |
| lui/lei | gridi |
| noi | gridiamo |
| voi | gridate |
| loro | gridino |
Imperative (negative) (Imperativo negativo) Regular
Negative commands use non + full infinitive in modern Italian, which is a distinctive rule compared to other Romance languages. Polite or indirect “please don’t” can still soften the tone in context.
Non aprire quella finestra, per favore.
| Pronoun | Italian |
|---|---|
| tu | non gridare |
| lui/lei | non gridi |
| noi | non gridiamo |
| voi | non gridate |
| loro | non gridino |