escludere — Italian conjugation
to exclude
Indicative
Present (Presente) Regular
The presente covers habits, ongoing situations, and plans about to start — much like English “I study” and “I am studying”. One present tense does both in Italian.
Lavora da casa tre giorni a settimana.
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | escludo | I exclude |
| tu | escludi | you exclude |
| lui/lei | esclude | he/she/it excludes |
| noi | escludiamo | we exclude |
| voi | escludete | you (pl.) exclude |
| loro | escludono | they exclude |
Simple past (Passato remoto) Irregular
The passato remoto tells a completed, narrative past, especially in the south and in literature. The passato prossimo is the normal spoken past in the north, so you choose register and region, not a difference in time alone.
Quella sera arrivò tardi, senza alibi.
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | esclusi | I excluded |
| tu | escludesti | you excluded |
| lui/lei | escluse | he/she/it excluded |
| noi | escludemmo | we excluded |
| voi | escludeste | you (pl.) excluded |
| loro | esclusero | they excluded |
Imperfect (Imperfetto) Regular
The imperfetto is for incomplete past actions, context, and repeated or habitual situations without a clear end. The passato prossimo, not the remoto, is its usual “event” partner in speech.
Da bambina passavo le estati al mare.
| Pronoun | Italian |
|---|---|
| io | escludevo |
| tu | escludevi |
| lui/lei | escludeva |
| noi | escludevamo |
| voi | escludevate |
| loro | escludevano |
Conditional (Condizionale) Regular
The condizionale is for polite “would you…”, first-condition hypotheticals, and reported future from a past point of view. The classic if-chain is se + imperfetto → condizionale.
Potresti alzare un poco la voce?
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | escluderei | I would exclude |
| tu | escluderesti | you would exclude |
| lui/lei | escluderebbe | he/she/it would exclude |
| noi | escluderemmo | we would exclude |
| voi | escludereste | you (pl.) would exclude |
| loro | escluderebbero | they would exclude |
Future (Futuro semplice) Regular
The futuro semplice is for predictions and far decisions. In speech you often hear the present (with a time adverb) or a paraphrase, and a famous trick is the futuro di probabilità for a present guess: saranno le tre.
Domani partiremo all'alba.
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | escluderò | I will exclude |
| tu | escluderai | you will exclude |
| lui/lei | escluderà | he/she/it will exclude |
| noi | escluderemo | we will exclude |
| voi | escluderete | you (pl.) will exclude |
| loro | escluderanno | they will exclude |
Present perfect (Passato prossimo) Regular
The passato prossimo is the workhorse preterit-like past in the north and in everyday Italian: avere/essere + participle, essere for reflexives, motion, and other change-of-state patterns.
Siamo andati a piedi, poi abbiamo preso l'autobus.
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | ho escluso | I have excluded |
| tu | hai escluso | you have excluded |
| lui/lei | ha escluso | he/she/it has excluded |
| noi | abbiamo escluso | we have excluded |
| voi | avete escluso | you (pl.) have excluded |
| loro | hanno escluso | they have excluded |
Pluperfect (Trapassato prossimo) Regular
The trapassato prossimo is “further in the past than another past” — the Italian pluperfect. It pairs with a main past clause to mark sequence.
Avevamo già mangiato quando suonò il telefono.
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | avevo escluso | I had excluded |
| tu | avevi escluso | you had excluded |
| lui/lei | aveva escluso | he/she/it had excluded |
| noi | avevamo escluso | we had excluded |
| voi | avevate escluso | you (pl.) had excluded |
| loro | avevano escluso | they had excluded |
Conditional perfect (Condizionale passato) Regular
The condizionale passato is for unreal or missed past results and often appears with se + trapassato prossimo in the protasis.
Avrei accettato, se mi avessero avvisato in tempo.
| Pronoun | Italian |
|---|---|
| io | avrei escluso |
| tu | avresti escluso |
| lui/lei | avrebbe escluso |
| noi | avremmo escluso |
| voi | avreste escluso |
| loro | avrebbero escluso |
Future perfect (Futuro anteriore) Regular
The futuro anteriore says something will already be over before a still-later future, or, like the French, can express a logical guess about a past result.
Entro le cinque, avrà già lasciato l'ufficio.
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | avrò escluso | I will have excluded |
| tu | avrai escluso | you will have excluded |
| lui/lei | avrà escluso | he/she/it will have excluded |
| noi | avremo escluso | we will have excluded |
| voi | avrete escluso | you (pl.) will have excluded |
| loro | avranno escluso | they will have excluded |
Subjunctive
Present subjunctive (Congiuntivo presente) Regular
The congiuntivo presente is required after many verbs and fixed phrases of will, fear, purpose, and doubt. Impersonal and semi-impersonal triggers (è importante che) also force the subjunctive mood.
Penso che sia la scelta giusta.
| Pronoun | Italian |
|---|---|
| io | escluda |
| tu | escluda |
| lui/lei | escluda |
| noi | escludiamo |
| voi | escludiate |
| loro | escludano |
Imperfect subjunctive (Congiuntivo imperfetto) Regular
The congiuntivo imperfetto is the past of the congiuntivo system after a past matrix clause and in se + congi. imperf. → condizionale with unreal conditions.
Se avessi più tempo, viaggerei ogni mese.
| Pronoun | Italian |
|---|---|
| io | escludessi |
| tu | escludessi |
| lui/lei | escludesse |
| noi | escludessimo |
| voi | escludeste |
| loro | escludessero |
Other forms
Imperative (affirmative) (Imperativo) Regular
The affirmative imperativo reuses the tu form as 3sg for -are verbs, while other conjugations use the normal tu present. It is the direct command register.
Raccontami com'è andata l'esame.
| Pronoun | Italian |
|---|---|
| tu | escludi |
| lui/lei | escluda |
| noi | escludiamo |
| voi | escludete |
| loro | escludano |
Imperative (negative) (Imperativo negativo) Regular
Negative commands use non + full infinitive in modern Italian, which is a distinctive rule compared to other Romance languages. Polite or indirect “please don’t” can still soften the tone in context.
Non aprire quella finestra, per favore.
| Pronoun | Italian |
|---|---|
| tu | non escludere |
| lui/lei | non escluda |
| noi | non escludiamo |
| voi | non escludete |
| loro | non escludano |