stimolare — Italian conjugation
to stimulate
Indicative
Present (Presente) Regular
The presente covers habits, ongoing situations, and plans about to start — much like English “I study” and “I am studying”. One present tense does both in Italian.
Lavora da casa tre giorni a settimana.
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | stimolo | I stimulate |
| tu | stimoli | you stimulate |
| lui/lei | stimola | he/she/it stimulates |
| noi | stimoliamo | we stimulate |
| voi | stimolate | you (pl.) stimulate |
| loro | stimolano | they stimulate |
Simple past (Passato remoto) Regular
The passato remoto tells a completed, narrative past, especially in the south and in literature. The passato prossimo is the normal spoken past in the north, so you choose register and region, not a difference in time alone.
Quella sera arrivò tardi, senza alibi.
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | stimolai | I stimulated |
| tu | stimolasti | you stimulated |
| lui/lei | stimolò | he/she/it stimulated |
| noi | stimolammo | we stimulated |
| voi | stimolaste | you (pl.) stimulated |
| loro | stimolarono | they stimulated |
Imperfect (Imperfetto) Regular
The imperfetto is for incomplete past actions, context, and repeated or habitual situations without a clear end. The passato prossimo, not the remoto, is its usual “event” partner in speech.
Da bambina passavo le estati al mare.
| Pronoun | Italian |
|---|---|
| io | stimolavo |
| tu | stimolavi |
| lui/lei | stimolava |
| noi | stimolavamo |
| voi | stimolavate |
| loro | stimolavano |
Conditional (Condizionale) Regular
The condizionale is for polite “would you…”, first-condition hypotheticals, and reported future from a past point of view. The classic if-chain is se + imperfetto → condizionale.
Potresti alzare un poco la voce?
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | stimolerei | I would stimulate |
| tu | stimoleresti | you would stimulate |
| lui/lei | stimolerebbe | he/she/it would stimulate |
| noi | stimoleremmo | we would stimulate |
| voi | stimolereste | you (pl.) would stimulate |
| loro | stimolerebbero | they would stimulate |
Future (Futuro semplice) Regular
The futuro semplice is for predictions and far decisions. In speech you often hear the present (with a time adverb) or a paraphrase, and a famous trick is the futuro di probabilità for a present guess: saranno le tre.
Domani partiremo all'alba.
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | stimolerò | I will stimulate |
| tu | stimolerai | you will stimulate |
| lui/lei | stimolerà | he/she/it will stimulate |
| noi | stimoleremo | we will stimulate |
| voi | stimolerete | you (pl.) will stimulate |
| loro | stimoleranno | they will stimulate |
Present perfect (Passato prossimo) Regular
The passato prossimo is the workhorse preterit-like past in the north and in everyday Italian: avere/essere + participle, essere for reflexives, motion, and other change-of-state patterns.
Siamo andati a piedi, poi abbiamo preso l'autobus.
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | ho stimolato | I have stimulated |
| tu | hai stimolato | you have stimulated |
| lui/lei | ha stimolato | he/she/it has stimulated |
| noi | abbiamo stimolato | we have stimulated |
| voi | avete stimolato | you (pl.) have stimulated |
| loro | hanno stimolato | they have stimulated |
Pluperfect (Trapassato prossimo) Regular
The trapassato prossimo is “further in the past than another past” — the Italian pluperfect. It pairs with a main past clause to mark sequence.
Avevamo già mangiato quando suonò il telefono.
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | avevo stimolato | I had stimulated |
| tu | avevi stimolato | you had stimulated |
| lui/lei | aveva stimolato | he/she/it had stimulated |
| noi | avevamo stimolato | we had stimulated |
| voi | avevate stimolato | you (pl.) had stimulated |
| loro | avevano stimolato | they had stimulated |
Conditional perfect (Condizionale passato) Regular
The condizionale passato is for unreal or missed past results and often appears with se + trapassato prossimo in the protasis.
Avrei accettato, se mi avessero avvisato in tempo.
| Pronoun | Italian |
|---|---|
| io | avrei stimolato |
| tu | avresti stimolato |
| lui/lei | avrebbe stimolato |
| noi | avremmo stimolato |
| voi | avreste stimolato |
| loro | avrebbero stimolato |
Future perfect (Futuro anteriore) Regular
The futuro anteriore says something will already be over before a still-later future, or, like the French, can express a logical guess about a past result.
Entro le cinque, avrà già lasciato l'ufficio.
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | avrò stimolato | I will have stimulated |
| tu | avrai stimolato | you will have stimulated |
| lui/lei | avrà stimolato | he/she/it will have stimulated |
| noi | avremo stimolato | we will have stimulated |
| voi | avrete stimolato | you (pl.) will have stimulated |
| loro | avranno stimolato | they will have stimulated |
Subjunctive
Present subjunctive (Congiuntivo presente) Regular
The congiuntivo presente is required after many verbs and fixed phrases of will, fear, purpose, and doubt. Impersonal and semi-impersonal triggers (è importante che) also force the subjunctive mood.
Penso che sia la scelta giusta.
| Pronoun | Italian |
|---|---|
| io | stimoli |
| tu | stimoli |
| lui/lei | stimoli |
| noi | stimoliamo |
| voi | stimoliate |
| loro | stimolino |
Imperfect subjunctive (Congiuntivo imperfetto) Regular
The congiuntivo imperfetto is the past of the congiuntivo system after a past matrix clause and in se + congi. imperf. → condizionale with unreal conditions.
Se avessi più tempo, viaggerei ogni mese.
| Pronoun | Italian |
|---|---|
| io | stimolassi |
| tu | stimolassi |
| lui/lei | stimolasse |
| noi | stimolassimo |
| voi | stimolaste |
| loro | stimolassero |
Other forms
Imperative (affirmative) (Imperativo) Regular
The affirmative imperativo reuses the tu form as 3sg for -are verbs, while other conjugations use the normal tu present. It is the direct command register.
Raccontami com'è andata l'esame.
| Pronoun | Italian |
|---|---|
| tu | stimola |
| lui/lei | stimoli |
| noi | stimoliamo |
| voi | stimolate |
| loro | stimolino |
Imperative (negative) (Imperativo negativo) Regular
Negative commands use non + full infinitive in modern Italian, which is a distinctive rule compared to other Romance languages. Polite or indirect “please don’t” can still soften the tone in context.
Non aprire quella finestra, per favore.
| Pronoun | Italian |
|---|---|
| tu | non stimolare |
| lui/lei | non stimoli |
| noi | non stimoliamo |
| voi | non stimolate |
| loro | non stimolino |