calcolare — Italian conjugation
to calculate
Indicative
Present (Presente) Regular
The presente covers habits, ongoing situations, and plans about to start — much like English “I study” and “I am studying”. One present tense does both in Italian.
Lavora da casa tre giorni a settimana.
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | calcolo | I calculate |
| tu | calcoli | you calculate |
| lui/lei | calcola | he/she/it calculates |
| noi | calcoliamo | we calculate |
| voi | calcolate | you (pl.) calculate |
| loro | calcolano | they calculate |
Simple past (Passato remoto) Regular
The passato remoto tells a completed, narrative past, especially in the south and in literature. The passato prossimo is the normal spoken past in the north, so you choose register and region, not a difference in time alone.
Quella sera arrivò tardi, senza alibi.
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | calcolai | I calculated |
| tu | calcolasti | you calculated |
| lui/lei | calcolò | he/she/it calculated |
| noi | calcolammo | we calculated |
| voi | calcolaste | you (pl.) calculated |
| loro | calcolarono | they calculated |
Imperfect (Imperfetto) Regular
The imperfetto is for incomplete past actions, context, and repeated or habitual situations without a clear end. The passato prossimo, not the remoto, is its usual “event” partner in speech.
Da bambina passavo le estati al mare.
| Pronoun | Italian |
|---|---|
| io | calcolavo |
| tu | calcolavi |
| lui/lei | calcolava |
| noi | calcolavamo |
| voi | calcolavate |
| loro | calcolavano |
Conditional (Condizionale) Regular
The condizionale is for polite “would you…”, first-condition hypotheticals, and reported future from a past point of view. The classic if-chain is se + imperfetto → condizionale.
Potresti alzare un poco la voce?
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | calcolerei | I would calculate |
| tu | calcoleresti | you would calculate |
| lui/lei | calcolerebbe | he/she/it would calculate |
| noi | calcoleremmo | we would calculate |
| voi | calcolereste | you (pl.) would calculate |
| loro | calcolerebbero | they would calculate |
Future (Futuro semplice) Regular
The futuro semplice is for predictions and far decisions. In speech you often hear the present (with a time adverb) or a paraphrase, and a famous trick is the futuro di probabilità for a present guess: saranno le tre.
Domani partiremo all'alba.
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | calcolerò | I will calculate |
| tu | calcolerai | you will calculate |
| lui/lei | calcolerà | he/she/it will calculate |
| noi | calcoleremo | we will calculate |
| voi | calcolerete | you (pl.) will calculate |
| loro | calcoleranno | they will calculate |
Present perfect (Passato prossimo) Regular
The passato prossimo is the workhorse preterit-like past in the north and in everyday Italian: avere/essere + participle, essere for reflexives, motion, and other change-of-state patterns.
Siamo andati a piedi, poi abbiamo preso l'autobus.
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | ho calcolato | I have calculated |
| tu | hai calcolato | you have calculated |
| lui/lei | ha calcolato | he/she/it has calculated |
| noi | abbiamo calcolato | we have calculated |
| voi | avete calcolato | you (pl.) have calculated |
| loro | hanno calcolato | they have calculated |
Pluperfect (Trapassato prossimo) Regular
The trapassato prossimo is “further in the past than another past” — the Italian pluperfect. It pairs with a main past clause to mark sequence.
Avevamo già mangiato quando suonò il telefono.
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | avevo calcolato | I had calculated |
| tu | avevi calcolato | you had calculated |
| lui/lei | aveva calcolato | he/she/it had calculated |
| noi | avevamo calcolato | we had calculated |
| voi | avevate calcolato | you (pl.) had calculated |
| loro | avevano calcolato | they had calculated |
Conditional perfect (Condizionale passato) Regular
The condizionale passato is for unreal or missed past results and often appears with se + trapassato prossimo in the protasis.
Avrei accettato, se mi avessero avvisato in tempo.
| Pronoun | Italian |
|---|---|
| io | avrei calcolato |
| tu | avresti calcolato |
| lui/lei | avrebbe calcolato |
| noi | avremmo calcolato |
| voi | avreste calcolato |
| loro | avrebbero calcolato |
Future perfect (Futuro anteriore) Regular
The futuro anteriore says something will already be over before a still-later future, or, like the French, can express a logical guess about a past result.
Entro le cinque, avrà già lasciato l'ufficio.
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | avrò calcolato | I will have calculated |
| tu | avrai calcolato | you will have calculated |
| lui/lei | avrà calcolato | he/she/it will have calculated |
| noi | avremo calcolato | we will have calculated |
| voi | avrete calcolato | you (pl.) will have calculated |
| loro | avranno calcolato | they will have calculated |
Subjunctive
Present subjunctive (Congiuntivo presente) Regular
The congiuntivo presente is required after many verbs and fixed phrases of will, fear, purpose, and doubt. Impersonal and semi-impersonal triggers (è importante che) also force the subjunctive mood.
Penso che sia la scelta giusta.
| Pronoun | Italian |
|---|---|
| io | calcoli |
| tu | calcoli |
| lui/lei | calcoli |
| noi | calcoliamo |
| voi | calcoliate |
| loro | calcolino |
Imperfect subjunctive (Congiuntivo imperfetto) Regular
The congiuntivo imperfetto is the past of the congiuntivo system after a past matrix clause and in se + congi. imperf. → condizionale with unreal conditions.
Se avessi più tempo, viaggerei ogni mese.
| Pronoun | Italian |
|---|---|
| io | calcolassi |
| tu | calcolassi |
| lui/lei | calcolasse |
| noi | calcolassimo |
| voi | calcolaste |
| loro | calcolassero |
Other forms
Imperative (affirmative) (Imperativo) Regular
The affirmative imperativo reuses the tu form as 3sg for -are verbs, while other conjugations use the normal tu present. It is the direct command register.
Raccontami com'è andata l'esame.
| Pronoun | Italian |
|---|---|
| tu | calcola |
| lui/lei | calcoli |
| noi | calcoliamo |
| voi | calcolate |
| loro | calcolino |
Imperative (negative) (Imperativo negativo) Regular
Negative commands use non + full infinitive in modern Italian, which is a distinctive rule compared to other Romance languages. Polite or indirect “please don’t” can still soften the tone in context.
Non aprire quella finestra, per favore.
| Pronoun | Italian |
|---|---|
| tu | non calcolare |
| lui/lei | non calcoli |
| noi | non calcoliamo |
| voi | non calcolate |
| loro | non calcolino |