estinguere — Italian conjugation
to extinguish
Indicative
Present (Presente) Regular
The presente covers habits, ongoing situations, and plans about to start — much like English “I study” and “I am studying”. One present tense does both in Italian.
Lavora da casa tre giorni a settimana.
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | estinguo | I extinguish |
| tu | estingui | you extinguish |
| lui/lei | estingue | he/she/it extinguishes |
| noi | estinguiamo | we extinguish |
| voi | estinguete | you (pl.) extinguish |
| loro | estinguono | they extinguish |
Simple past (Passato remoto) Regular
The passato remoto tells a completed, narrative past, especially in the south and in literature. The passato prossimo is the normal spoken past in the north, so you choose register and region, not a difference in time alone.
Quella sera arrivò tardi, senza alibi.
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | estinsi | I extinguished |
| tu | estinguesti | you extinguished |
| lui/lei | estinse | he/she/it extinguished |
| noi | estinguemmo | we extinguished |
| voi | estingueste | you (pl.) extinguished |
| loro | estinsero | they extinguished |
Imperfect (Imperfetto) Regular
The imperfetto is for incomplete past actions, context, and repeated or habitual situations without a clear end. The passato prossimo, not the remoto, is its usual “event” partner in speech.
Da bambina passavo le estati al mare.
| Pronoun | Italian |
|---|---|
| io | estinguevo |
| tu | estinguevi |
| lui/lei | estingueva |
| noi | estinguevamo |
| voi | estinguevate |
| loro | estinguevano |
Conditional (Condizionale) Regular
The condizionale is for polite “would you…”, first-condition hypotheticals, and reported future from a past point of view. The classic if-chain is se + imperfetto → condizionale.
Potresti alzare un poco la voce?
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | estinguerei | I would extinguish |
| tu | estingueresti | you would extinguish |
| lui/lei | estinguerebbe | he/she/it would extinguish |
| noi | estingueremmo | we would extinguish |
| voi | estinguereste | you (pl.) would extinguish |
| loro | estinguerebbero | they would extinguish |
Future (Futuro semplice) Regular
The futuro semplice is for predictions and far decisions. In speech you often hear the present (with a time adverb) or a paraphrase, and a famous trick is the futuro di probabilità for a present guess: saranno le tre.
Domani partiremo all'alba.
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | estinguerò | I will extinguish |
| tu | estinguerai | you will extinguish |
| lui/lei | estinguerà | he/she/it will extinguish |
| noi | estingueremo | we will extinguish |
| voi | estinguerete | you (pl.) will extinguish |
| loro | estingueranno | they will extinguish |
Present perfect (Passato prossimo) Regular
The passato prossimo is the workhorse preterit-like past in the north and in everyday Italian: avere/essere + participle, essere for reflexives, motion, and other change-of-state patterns.
Siamo andati a piedi, poi abbiamo preso l'autobus.
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | ho estinto | I have extinguished |
| tu | hai estinto | you have extinguished |
| lui/lei | ha estinto | he/she/it has extinguished |
| noi | abbiamo estinto | we have extinguished |
| voi | avete estinto | you (pl.) have extinguished |
| loro | hanno estinto | they have extinguished |
Pluperfect (Trapassato prossimo) Regular
The trapassato prossimo is “further in the past than another past” — the Italian pluperfect. It pairs with a main past clause to mark sequence.
Avevamo già mangiato quando suonò il telefono.
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | avevo estinto | I had extinguished |
| tu | avevi estinto | you had extinguished |
| lui/lei | aveva estinto | he/she/it had extinguished |
| noi | avevamo estinto | we had extinguished |
| voi | avevate estinto | you (pl.) had extinguished |
| loro | avevano estinto | they had extinguished |
Conditional perfect (Condizionale passato) Regular
The condizionale passato is for unreal or missed past results and often appears with se + trapassato prossimo in the protasis.
Avrei accettato, se mi avessero avvisato in tempo.
| Pronoun | Italian |
|---|---|
| io | avrei estinto |
| tu | avresti estinto |
| lui/lei | avrebbe estinto |
| noi | avremmo estinto |
| voi | avreste estinto |
| loro | avrebbero estinto |
Future perfect (Futuro anteriore) Regular
The futuro anteriore says something will already be over before a still-later future, or, like the French, can express a logical guess about a past result.
Entro le cinque, avrà già lasciato l'ufficio.
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | avrò estinto | I will have extinguished |
| tu | avrai estinto | you will have extinguished |
| lui/lei | avrà estinto | he/she/it will have extinguished |
| noi | avremo estinto | we will have extinguished |
| voi | avrete estinto | you (pl.) will have extinguished |
| loro | avranno estinto | they will have extinguished |
Subjunctive
Present subjunctive (Congiuntivo presente) Regular
The congiuntivo presente is required after many verbs and fixed phrases of will, fear, purpose, and doubt. Impersonal and semi-impersonal triggers (è importante che) also force the subjunctive mood.
Penso che sia la scelta giusta.
| Pronoun | Italian |
|---|---|
| io | estingua |
| tu | estingua |
| lui/lei | estingua |
| noi | estinguiamo |
| voi | estinguiate |
| loro | estinguano |
Imperfect subjunctive (Congiuntivo imperfetto) Regular
The congiuntivo imperfetto is the past of the congiuntivo system after a past matrix clause and in se + congi. imperf. → condizionale with unreal conditions.
Se avessi più tempo, viaggerei ogni mese.
| Pronoun | Italian |
|---|---|
| io | estinguessi |
| tu | estinguessi |
| lui/lei | estinguesse |
| noi | estinguessimo |
| voi | estingueste |
| loro | estinguessero |
Other forms
Imperative (affirmative) (Imperativo) Regular
The affirmative imperativo reuses the tu form as 3sg for -are verbs, while other conjugations use the normal tu present. It is the direct command register.
Raccontami com'è andata l'esame.
| Pronoun | Italian |
|---|---|
| tu | estingui |
| lui/lei | estingua |
| noi | estinguiamo |
| voi | estinguete |
| loro | estinguano |
Imperative (negative) (Imperativo negativo) Regular
Negative commands use non + full infinitive in modern Italian, which is a distinctive rule compared to other Romance languages. Polite or indirect “please don’t” can still soften the tone in context.
Non aprire quella finestra, per favore.
| Pronoun | Italian |
|---|---|
| tu | non estinguere |
| lui/lei | non estingua |
| noi | non estinguiamo |
| voi | non estinguete |
| loro | non estinguano |