insultare — Italian conjugation
to insult
Indicative
Present (Presente) Regular
The presente covers habits, ongoing situations, and plans about to start — much like English “I study” and “I am studying”. One present tense does both in Italian.
Lavora da casa tre giorni a settimana.
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | insulto | I insult |
| tu | insulti | you insult |
| lui/lei | insulta | he/she/it insults |
| noi | insultiamo | we insult |
| voi | insultate | you (pl.) insult |
| loro | insultano | they insult |
Simple past (Passato remoto) Regular
The passato remoto tells a completed, narrative past, especially in the south and in literature. The passato prossimo is the normal spoken past in the north, so you choose register and region, not a difference in time alone.
Quella sera arrivò tardi, senza alibi.
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | insultai | I insulted |
| tu | insultasti | you insulted |
| lui/lei | insultò | he/she/it insulted |
| noi | insultammo | we insulted |
| voi | insultaste | you (pl.) insulted |
| loro | insultarono | they insulted |
Imperfect (Imperfetto) Regular
The imperfetto is for incomplete past actions, context, and repeated or habitual situations without a clear end. The passato prossimo, not the remoto, is its usual “event” partner in speech.
Da bambina passavo le estati al mare.
| Pronoun | Italian |
|---|---|
| io | insultavo |
| tu | insultavi |
| lui/lei | insultava |
| noi | insultavamo |
| voi | insultavate |
| loro | insultavano |
Conditional (Condizionale) Regular
The condizionale is for polite “would you…”, first-condition hypotheticals, and reported future from a past point of view. The classic if-chain is se + imperfetto → condizionale.
Potresti alzare un poco la voce?
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | insulterei | I would insult |
| tu | insulteresti | you would insult |
| lui/lei | insulterebbe | he/she/it would insult |
| noi | insulteremmo | we would insult |
| voi | insultereste | you (pl.) would insult |
| loro | insulterebbero | they would insult |
Future (Futuro semplice) Regular
The futuro semplice is for predictions and far decisions. In speech you often hear the present (with a time adverb) or a paraphrase, and a famous trick is the futuro di probabilità for a present guess: saranno le tre.
Domani partiremo all'alba.
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | insulterò | I will insult |
| tu | insulterai | you will insult |
| lui/lei | insulterà | he/she/it will insult |
| noi | insulteremo | we will insult |
| voi | insulterete | you (pl.) will insult |
| loro | insulteranno | they will insult |
Present perfect (Passato prossimo) Regular
The passato prossimo is the workhorse preterit-like past in the north and in everyday Italian: avere/essere + participle, essere for reflexives, motion, and other change-of-state patterns.
Siamo andati a piedi, poi abbiamo preso l'autobus.
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | ho insultato | I have insulted |
| tu | hai insultato | you have insulted |
| lui/lei | ha insultato | he/she/it has insulted |
| noi | abbiamo insultato | we have insulted |
| voi | avete insultato | you (pl.) have insulted |
| loro | hanno insultato | they have insulted |
Pluperfect (Trapassato prossimo) Regular
The trapassato prossimo is “further in the past than another past” — the Italian pluperfect. It pairs with a main past clause to mark sequence.
Avevamo già mangiato quando suonò il telefono.
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | avevo insultato | I had insulted |
| tu | avevi insultato | you had insulted |
| lui/lei | aveva insultato | he/she/it had insulted |
| noi | avevamo insultato | we had insulted |
| voi | avevate insultato | you (pl.) had insulted |
| loro | avevano insultato | they had insulted |
Conditional perfect (Condizionale passato) Regular
The condizionale passato is for unreal or missed past results and often appears with se + trapassato prossimo in the protasis.
Avrei accettato, se mi avessero avvisato in tempo.
| Pronoun | Italian |
|---|---|
| io | avrei insultato |
| tu | avresti insultato |
| lui/lei | avrebbe insultato |
| noi | avremmo insultato |
| voi | avreste insultato |
| loro | avrebbero insultato |
Future perfect (Futuro anteriore) Regular
The futuro anteriore says something will already be over before a still-later future, or, like the French, can express a logical guess about a past result.
Entro le cinque, avrà già lasciato l'ufficio.
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | avrò insultato | I will have insulted |
| tu | avrai insultato | you will have insulted |
| lui/lei | avrà insultato | he/she/it will have insulted |
| noi | avremo insultato | we will have insulted |
| voi | avrete insultato | you (pl.) will have insulted |
| loro | avranno insultato | they will have insulted |
Subjunctive
Present subjunctive (Congiuntivo presente) Regular
The congiuntivo presente is required after many verbs and fixed phrases of will, fear, purpose, and doubt. Impersonal and semi-impersonal triggers (è importante che) also force the subjunctive mood.
Penso che sia la scelta giusta.
| Pronoun | Italian |
|---|---|
| io | insulti |
| tu | insulti |
| lui/lei | insulti |
| noi | insultiamo |
| voi | insultiate |
| loro | insultino |
Imperfect subjunctive (Congiuntivo imperfetto) Regular
The congiuntivo imperfetto is the past of the congiuntivo system after a past matrix clause and in se + congi. imperf. → condizionale with unreal conditions.
Se avessi più tempo, viaggerei ogni mese.
| Pronoun | Italian |
|---|---|
| io | insultassi |
| tu | insultassi |
| lui/lei | insultasse |
| noi | insultassimo |
| voi | insultaste |
| loro | insultassero |
Other forms
Imperative (affirmative) (Imperativo) Regular
The affirmative imperativo reuses the tu form as 3sg for -are verbs, while other conjugations use the normal tu present. It is the direct command register.
Raccontami com'è andata l'esame.
| Pronoun | Italian |
|---|---|
| tu | insulta |
| lui/lei | insulti |
| noi | insultiamo |
| voi | insultate |
| loro | insultino |
Imperative (negative) (Imperativo negativo) Regular
Negative commands use non + full infinitive in modern Italian, which is a distinctive rule compared to other Romance languages. Polite or indirect “please don’t” can still soften the tone in context.
Non aprire quella finestra, per favore.
| Pronoun | Italian |
|---|---|
| tu | non insultare |
| lui/lei | non insulti |
| noi | non insultiamo |
| voi | non insultate |
| loro | non insultino |