estirpare — Italian conjugation
to extirpate
Indicative
Present (Presente) Regular
The presente covers habits, ongoing situations, and plans about to start — much like English “I study” and “I am studying”. One present tense does both in Italian.
Lavora da casa tre giorni a settimana.
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | estirpo | I extirpate |
| tu | estirpi | you extirpate |
| lui/lei | estirpa | he/she/it extirpates |
| noi | estirpiamo | we extirpate |
| voi | estirpate | you (pl.) extirpate |
| loro | estirpano | they extirpate |
Simple past (Passato remoto) Regular
The passato remoto tells a completed, narrative past, especially in the south and in literature. The passato prossimo is the normal spoken past in the north, so you choose register and region, not a difference in time alone.
Quella sera arrivò tardi, senza alibi.
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | estirpai | I extirpated |
| tu | estirpasti | you extirpated |
| lui/lei | estirpò | he/she/it extirpated |
| noi | estirpammo | we extirpated |
| voi | estirpaste | you (pl.) extirpated |
| loro | estirparono | they extirpated |
Imperfect (Imperfetto) Regular
The imperfetto is for incomplete past actions, context, and repeated or habitual situations without a clear end. The passato prossimo, not the remoto, is its usual “event” partner in speech.
Da bambina passavo le estati al mare.
| Pronoun | Italian |
|---|---|
| io | estirpavo |
| tu | estirpavi |
| lui/lei | estirpava |
| noi | estirpavamo |
| voi | estirpavate |
| loro | estirpavano |
Conditional (Condizionale) Regular
The condizionale is for polite “would you…”, first-condition hypotheticals, and reported future from a past point of view. The classic if-chain is se + imperfetto → condizionale.
Potresti alzare un poco la voce?
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | estirperei | I would extirpate |
| tu | estirperesti | you would extirpate |
| lui/lei | estirperebbe | he/she/it would extirpate |
| noi | estirperemmo | we would extirpate |
| voi | estirpereste | you (pl.) would extirpate |
| loro | estirperebbero | they would extirpate |
Future (Futuro semplice) Regular
The futuro semplice is for predictions and far decisions. In speech you often hear the present (with a time adverb) or a paraphrase, and a famous trick is the futuro di probabilità for a present guess: saranno le tre.
Domani partiremo all'alba.
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | estirperò | I will extirpate |
| tu | estirperai | you will extirpate |
| lui/lei | estirperà | he/she/it will extirpate |
| noi | estirperemo | we will extirpate |
| voi | estirperete | you (pl.) will extirpate |
| loro | estirperanno | they will extirpate |
Present perfect (Passato prossimo) Regular
The passato prossimo is the workhorse preterit-like past in the north and in everyday Italian: avere/essere + participle, essere for reflexives, motion, and other change-of-state patterns.
Siamo andati a piedi, poi abbiamo preso l'autobus.
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | ho estirpato | I have extirpated |
| tu | hai estirpato | you have extirpated |
| lui/lei | ha estirpato | he/she/it has extirpated |
| noi | abbiamo estirpato | we have extirpated |
| voi | avete estirpato | you (pl.) have extirpated |
| loro | hanno estirpato | they have extirpated |
Pluperfect (Trapassato prossimo) Regular
The trapassato prossimo is “further in the past than another past” — the Italian pluperfect. It pairs with a main past clause to mark sequence.
Avevamo già mangiato quando suonò il telefono.
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | avevo estirpato | I had extirpated |
| tu | avevi estirpato | you had extirpated |
| lui/lei | aveva estirpato | he/she/it had extirpated |
| noi | avevamo estirpato | we had extirpated |
| voi | avevate estirpato | you (pl.) had extirpated |
| loro | avevano estirpato | they had extirpated |
Conditional perfect (Condizionale passato) Regular
The condizionale passato is for unreal or missed past results and often appears with se + trapassato prossimo in the protasis.
Avrei accettato, se mi avessero avvisato in tempo.
| Pronoun | Italian |
|---|---|
| io | avrei estirpato |
| tu | avresti estirpato |
| lui/lei | avrebbe estirpato |
| noi | avremmo estirpato |
| voi | avreste estirpato |
| loro | avrebbero estirpato |
Future perfect (Futuro anteriore) Regular
The futuro anteriore says something will already be over before a still-later future, or, like the French, can express a logical guess about a past result.
Entro le cinque, avrà già lasciato l'ufficio.
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | avrò estirpato | I will have extirpated |
| tu | avrai estirpato | you will have extirpated |
| lui/lei | avrà estirpato | he/she/it will have extirpated |
| noi | avremo estirpato | we will have extirpated |
| voi | avrete estirpato | you (pl.) will have extirpated |
| loro | avranno estirpato | they will have extirpated |
Subjunctive
Present subjunctive (Congiuntivo presente) Regular
The congiuntivo presente is required after many verbs and fixed phrases of will, fear, purpose, and doubt. Impersonal and semi-impersonal triggers (è importante che) also force the subjunctive mood.
Penso che sia la scelta giusta.
| Pronoun | Italian |
|---|---|
| io | estirpi |
| tu | estirpi |
| lui/lei | estirpi |
| noi | estirpiamo |
| voi | estirpiate |
| loro | estirpino |
Imperfect subjunctive (Congiuntivo imperfetto) Regular
The congiuntivo imperfetto is the past of the congiuntivo system after a past matrix clause and in se + congi. imperf. → condizionale with unreal conditions.
Se avessi più tempo, viaggerei ogni mese.
| Pronoun | Italian |
|---|---|
| io | estirpassi |
| tu | estirpassi |
| lui/lei | estirpasse |
| noi | estirpassimo |
| voi | estirpaste |
| loro | estirpassero |
Other forms
Imperative (affirmative) (Imperativo) Regular
The affirmative imperativo reuses the tu form as 3sg for -are verbs, while other conjugations use the normal tu present. It is the direct command register.
Raccontami com'è andata l'esame.
| Pronoun | Italian |
|---|---|
| tu | estirpa |
| lui/lei | estirpi |
| noi | estirpiamo |
| voi | estirpate |
| loro | estirpino |
Imperative (negative) (Imperativo negativo) Regular
Negative commands use non + full infinitive in modern Italian, which is a distinctive rule compared to other Romance languages. Polite or indirect “please don’t” can still soften the tone in context.
Non aprire quella finestra, per favore.
| Pronoun | Italian |
|---|---|
| tu | non estirpare |
| lui/lei | non estirpi |
| noi | non estirpiamo |
| voi | non estirpate |
| loro | non estirpino |