improvvisare — Italian conjugation

to improvise, to extemporize, to make up, to play it by ear

Frequency#515Regular

Indicative

Present (Presente) Regular

The presente covers habits, ongoing situations, and plans about to start — much like English “I study” and “I am studying”. One present tense does both in Italian.

Lavora da casa tre giorni a settimana.

PronounItalianEnglish
ioimprovvisoI improvise
tuimprovvisiyou improvise
lui/leiimprovvisahe/she/it improvises
noiimprovvisiamowe improvise
voiimprovvisateyou (pl.) improvise
loroimprovvisanothey improvise

Simple past (Passato remoto) Regular

The passato remoto tells a completed, narrative past, especially in the south and in literature. The passato prossimo is the normal spoken past in the north, so you choose register and region, not a difference in time alone.

Quella sera arrivò tardi, senza alibi.

PronounItalianEnglish
ioimprovvisaiI improvised
tuimprovvisastiyou improvised
lui/leiimprovvisòhe/she/it improvised
noiimprovvisammowe improvised
voiimprovvisasteyou (pl.) improvised
loroimprovvisaronothey improvised

Imperfect (Imperfetto) Regular

The imperfetto is for incomplete past actions, context, and repeated or habitual situations without a clear end. The passato prossimo, not the remoto, is its usual “event” partner in speech.

Da bambina passavo le estati al mare.

PronounItalian
ioimprovvisavo
tuimprovvisavi
lui/leiimprovvisava
noiimprovvisavamo
voiimprovvisavate
loroimprovvisavano

Conditional (Condizionale) Regular

The condizionale is for polite “would you…”, first-condition hypotheticals, and reported future from a past point of view. The classic if-chain is se + imperfetto → condizionale.

Potresti alzare un poco la voce?

PronounItalianEnglish
ioimprovvisereiI would improvise
tuimprovviserestiyou would improvise
lui/leiimprovviserebbehe/she/it would improvise
noiimprovviseremmowe would improvise
voiimprovviseresteyou (pl.) would improvise
loroimprovviserebberothey would improvise

Future (Futuro semplice) Regular

The futuro semplice is for predictions and far decisions. In speech you often hear the present (with a time adverb) or a paraphrase, and a famous trick is the futuro di probabilità for a present guess: saranno le tre.

Domani partiremo all'alba.

PronounItalianEnglish
ioimprovviseròI will improvise
tuimprovviseraiyou will improvise
lui/leiimprovviseràhe/she/it will improvise
noiimprovviseremowe will improvise
voiimprovvisereteyou (pl.) will improvise
loroimprovviserannothey will improvise

Present perfect (Passato prossimo) Regular

The passato prossimo is the workhorse preterit-like past in the north and in everyday Italian: avere/essere + participle, essere for reflexives, motion, and other change-of-state patterns.

Siamo andati a piedi, poi abbiamo preso l'autobus.

PronounItalianEnglish
ioho improvvisatoI have improvised
tuhai improvvisatoyou have improvised
lui/leiha improvvisatohe/she/it has improvised
noiabbiamo improvvisatowe have improvised
voiavete improvvisatoyou (pl.) have improvised
lorohanno improvvisatothey have improvised

Pluperfect (Trapassato prossimo) Regular

The trapassato prossimo is “further in the past than another past” — the Italian pluperfect. It pairs with a main past clause to mark sequence.

Avevamo già mangiato quando suonò il telefono.

PronounItalianEnglish
ioavevo improvvisatoI had improvised
tuavevi improvvisatoyou had improvised
lui/leiaveva improvvisatohe/she/it had improvised
noiavevamo improvvisatowe had improvised
voiavevate improvvisatoyou (pl.) had improvised
loroavevano improvvisatothey had improvised

Conditional perfect (Condizionale passato) Regular

The condizionale passato is for unreal or missed past results and often appears with se + trapassato prossimo in the protasis.

Avrei accettato, se mi avessero avvisato in tempo.

PronounItalian
ioavrei improvvisato
tuavresti improvvisato
lui/leiavrebbe improvvisato
noiavremmo improvvisato
voiavreste improvvisato
loroavrebbero improvvisato

Future perfect (Futuro anteriore) Regular

The futuro anteriore says something will already be over before a still-later future, or, like the French, can express a logical guess about a past result.

Entro le cinque, avrà già lasciato l'ufficio.

PronounItalianEnglish
ioavrò improvvisatoI will have improvised
tuavrai improvvisatoyou will have improvised
lui/leiavrà improvvisatohe/she/it will have improvised
noiavremo improvvisatowe will have improvised
voiavrete improvvisatoyou (pl.) will have improvised
loroavranno improvvisatothey will have improvised

Subjunctive

Present subjunctive (Congiuntivo presente) Regular

The congiuntivo presente is required after many verbs and fixed phrases of will, fear, purpose, and doubt. Impersonal and semi-impersonal triggers (è importante che) also force the subjunctive mood.

Penso che sia la scelta giusta.

PronounItalian
ioimprovvisi
tuimprovvisi
lui/leiimprovvisi
noiimprovvisiamo
voiimprovvisiate
loroimprovvisino

Imperfect subjunctive (Congiuntivo imperfetto) Regular

The congiuntivo imperfetto is the past of the congiuntivo system after a past matrix clause and in se + congi. imperf. → condizionale with unreal conditions.

Se avessi più tempo, viaggerei ogni mese.

PronounItalian
ioimprovvisassi
tuimprovvisassi
lui/leiimprovvisasse
noiimprovvisassimo
voiimprovvisaste
loroimprovvisassero

Other forms

Imperative (affirmative) (Imperativo) Regular

The affirmative imperativo reuses the tu form as 3sg for -are verbs, while other conjugations use the normal tu present. It is the direct command register.

Raccontami com'è andata l'esame.

PronounItalian
tuimprovvisa
lui/leiimprovvisi
noiimprovvisiamo
voiimprovvisate
loroimprovvisino

Imperative (negative) (Imperativo negativo) Regular

Negative commands use non + full infinitive in modern Italian, which is a distinctive rule compared to other Romance languages. Polite or indirect “please don’t” can still soften the tone in context.

Non aprire quella finestra, per favore.

PronounItalian
tunon improvvisare
lui/leinon improvvisi
noinon improvvisiamo
voinon improvvisate
loronon improvvisino