incidere — Italian conjugation
to cut, to engrave
Indicative
Present (Presente) Regular
The presente covers habits, ongoing situations, and plans about to start — much like English “I study” and “I am studying”. One present tense does both in Italian.
Lavora da casa tre giorni a settimana.
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | incido | I cut |
| tu | incidi | you cut |
| lui/lei | incide | he/she/it cuts |
| noi | incidiamo | we cut |
| voi | incidete | you (pl.) cut |
| loro | incidono | they cut |
Simple past (Passato remoto) Irregular
The passato remoto tells a completed, narrative past, especially in the south and in literature. The passato prossimo is the normal spoken past in the north, so you choose register and region, not a difference in time alone.
Quella sera arrivò tardi, senza alibi.
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | incisi | I cut |
| tu | incidesti | you cut |
| lui/lei | incise | he/she/it cut |
| noi | incidemmo | we cut |
| voi | incideste | you (pl.) cut |
| loro | incisero | they cut |
Imperfect (Imperfetto) Regular
The imperfetto is for incomplete past actions, context, and repeated or habitual situations without a clear end. The passato prossimo, not the remoto, is its usual “event” partner in speech.
Da bambina passavo le estati al mare.
| Pronoun | Italian |
|---|---|
| io | incidevo |
| tu | incidevi |
| lui/lei | incideva |
| noi | incidevamo |
| voi | incidevate |
| loro | incidevano |
Conditional (Condizionale) Regular
The condizionale is for polite “would you…”, first-condition hypotheticals, and reported future from a past point of view. The classic if-chain is se + imperfetto → condizionale.
Potresti alzare un poco la voce?
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | inciderei | I would cut |
| tu | incideresti | you would cut |
| lui/lei | inciderebbe | he/she/it would cut |
| noi | incideremmo | we would cut |
| voi | incidereste | you (pl.) would cut |
| loro | inciderebbero | they would cut |
Future (Futuro semplice) Regular
The futuro semplice is for predictions and far decisions. In speech you often hear the present (with a time adverb) or a paraphrase, and a famous trick is the futuro di probabilità for a present guess: saranno le tre.
Domani partiremo all'alba.
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | inciderò | I will cut |
| tu | inciderai | you will cut |
| lui/lei | inciderà | he/she/it will cut |
| noi | incideremo | we will cut |
| voi | inciderete | you (pl.) will cut |
| loro | incideranno | they will cut |
Present perfect (Passato prossimo) Regular
The passato prossimo is the workhorse preterit-like past in the north and in everyday Italian: avere/essere + participle, essere for reflexives, motion, and other change-of-state patterns.
Siamo andati a piedi, poi abbiamo preso l'autobus.
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | ho inciso | I have cut |
| tu | hai inciso | you have cut |
| lui/lei | ha inciso | he/she/it has cut |
| noi | abbiamo inciso | we have cut |
| voi | avete inciso | you (pl.) have cut |
| loro | hanno inciso | they have cut |
Pluperfect (Trapassato prossimo) Regular
The trapassato prossimo is “further in the past than another past” — the Italian pluperfect. It pairs with a main past clause to mark sequence.
Avevamo già mangiato quando suonò il telefono.
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | avevo inciso | I had cut |
| tu | avevi inciso | you had cut |
| lui/lei | aveva inciso | he/she/it had cut |
| noi | avevamo inciso | we had cut |
| voi | avevate inciso | you (pl.) had cut |
| loro | avevano inciso | they had cut |
Conditional perfect (Condizionale passato) Regular
The condizionale passato is for unreal or missed past results and often appears with se + trapassato prossimo in the protasis.
Avrei accettato, se mi avessero avvisato in tempo.
| Pronoun | Italian |
|---|---|
| io | avrei inciso |
| tu | avresti inciso |
| lui/lei | avrebbe inciso |
| noi | avremmo inciso |
| voi | avreste inciso |
| loro | avrebbero inciso |
Future perfect (Futuro anteriore) Regular
The futuro anteriore says something will already be over before a still-later future, or, like the French, can express a logical guess about a past result.
Entro le cinque, avrà già lasciato l'ufficio.
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | avrò inciso | I will have cut |
| tu | avrai inciso | you will have cut |
| lui/lei | avrà inciso | he/she/it will have cut |
| noi | avremo inciso | we will have cut |
| voi | avrete inciso | you (pl.) will have cut |
| loro | avranno inciso | they will have cut |
Subjunctive
Present subjunctive (Congiuntivo presente) Regular
The congiuntivo presente is required after many verbs and fixed phrases of will, fear, purpose, and doubt. Impersonal and semi-impersonal triggers (è importante che) also force the subjunctive mood.
Penso che sia la scelta giusta.
| Pronoun | Italian |
|---|---|
| io | incida |
| tu | incida |
| lui/lei | incida |
| noi | incidiamo |
| voi | incidiate |
| loro | incidano |
Imperfect subjunctive (Congiuntivo imperfetto) Regular
The congiuntivo imperfetto is the past of the congiuntivo system after a past matrix clause and in se + congi. imperf. → condizionale with unreal conditions.
Se avessi più tempo, viaggerei ogni mese.
| Pronoun | Italian |
|---|---|
| io | incidessi |
| tu | incidessi |
| lui/lei | incidesse |
| noi | incidessimo |
| voi | incideste |
| loro | incidessero |
Other forms
Imperative (affirmative) (Imperativo) Regular
The affirmative imperativo reuses the tu form as 3sg for -are verbs, while other conjugations use the normal tu present. It is the direct command register.
Raccontami com'è andata l'esame.
| Pronoun | Italian |
|---|---|
| tu | incidi |
| lui/lei | incida |
| noi | incidiamo |
| voi | incidete |
| loro | incidano |
Imperative (negative) (Imperativo negativo) Regular
Negative commands use non + full infinitive in modern Italian, which is a distinctive rule compared to other Romance languages. Polite or indirect “please don’t” can still soften the tone in context.
Non aprire quella finestra, per favore.
| Pronoun | Italian |
|---|---|
| tu | non incidere |
| lui/lei | non incida |
| noi | non incidiamo |
| voi | non incidete |
| loro | non incidano |