inquinare — Italian conjugation
to pollute
Indicative
Present (Presente) Regular
The presente covers habits, ongoing situations, and plans about to start — much like English “I study” and “I am studying”. One present tense does both in Italian.
Lavora da casa tre giorni a settimana.
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | inquino | I pollute |
| tu | inquini | you pollute |
| lui/lei | inquina | he/she/it pollutes |
| noi | inquiniamo | we pollute |
| voi | inquinate | you (pl.) pollute |
| loro | inquinano | they pollute |
Simple past (Passato remoto) Regular
The passato remoto tells a completed, narrative past, especially in the south and in literature. The passato prossimo is the normal spoken past in the north, so you choose register and region, not a difference in time alone.
Quella sera arrivò tardi, senza alibi.
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | inquinai | I polluted |
| tu | inquinasti | you polluted |
| lui/lei | inquinò | he/she/it polluted |
| noi | inquinammo | we polluted |
| voi | inquinaste | you (pl.) polluted |
| loro | inquinarono | they polluted |
Imperfect (Imperfetto) Regular
The imperfetto is for incomplete past actions, context, and repeated or habitual situations without a clear end. The passato prossimo, not the remoto, is its usual “event” partner in speech.
Da bambina passavo le estati al mare.
| Pronoun | Italian |
|---|---|
| io | inquinavo |
| tu | inquinavi |
| lui/lei | inquinava |
| noi | inquinavamo |
| voi | inquinavate |
| loro | inquinavano |
Conditional (Condizionale) Regular
The condizionale is for polite “would you…”, first-condition hypotheticals, and reported future from a past point of view. The classic if-chain is se + imperfetto → condizionale.
Potresti alzare un poco la voce?
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | inquinerei | I would pollute |
| tu | inquineresti | you would pollute |
| lui/lei | inquinerebbe | he/she/it would pollute |
| noi | inquineremmo | we would pollute |
| voi | inquinereste | you (pl.) would pollute |
| loro | inquinerebbero | they would pollute |
Future (Futuro semplice) Regular
The futuro semplice is for predictions and far decisions. In speech you often hear the present (with a time adverb) or a paraphrase, and a famous trick is the futuro di probabilità for a present guess: saranno le tre.
Domani partiremo all'alba.
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | inquinerò | I will pollute |
| tu | inquinerai | you will pollute |
| lui/lei | inquinerà | he/she/it will pollute |
| noi | inquineremo | we will pollute |
| voi | inquinerete | you (pl.) will pollute |
| loro | inquineranno | they will pollute |
Present perfect (Passato prossimo) Regular
The passato prossimo is the workhorse preterit-like past in the north and in everyday Italian: avere/essere + participle, essere for reflexives, motion, and other change-of-state patterns.
Siamo andati a piedi, poi abbiamo preso l'autobus.
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | ho inquinato | I have polluted |
| tu | hai inquinato | you have polluted |
| lui/lei | ha inquinato | he/she/it has polluted |
| noi | abbiamo inquinato | we have polluted |
| voi | avete inquinato | you (pl.) have polluted |
| loro | hanno inquinato | they have polluted |
Pluperfect (Trapassato prossimo) Regular
The trapassato prossimo is “further in the past than another past” — the Italian pluperfect. It pairs with a main past clause to mark sequence.
Avevamo già mangiato quando suonò il telefono.
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | avevo inquinato | I had polluted |
| tu | avevi inquinato | you had polluted |
| lui/lei | aveva inquinato | he/she/it had polluted |
| noi | avevamo inquinato | we had polluted |
| voi | avevate inquinato | you (pl.) had polluted |
| loro | avevano inquinato | they had polluted |
Conditional perfect (Condizionale passato) Regular
The condizionale passato is for unreal or missed past results and often appears with se + trapassato prossimo in the protasis.
Avrei accettato, se mi avessero avvisato in tempo.
| Pronoun | Italian |
|---|---|
| io | avrei inquinato |
| tu | avresti inquinato |
| lui/lei | avrebbe inquinato |
| noi | avremmo inquinato |
| voi | avreste inquinato |
| loro | avrebbero inquinato |
Future perfect (Futuro anteriore) Regular
The futuro anteriore says something will already be over before a still-later future, or, like the French, can express a logical guess about a past result.
Entro le cinque, avrà già lasciato l'ufficio.
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | avrò inquinato | I will have polluted |
| tu | avrai inquinato | you will have polluted |
| lui/lei | avrà inquinato | he/she/it will have polluted |
| noi | avremo inquinato | we will have polluted |
| voi | avrete inquinato | you (pl.) will have polluted |
| loro | avranno inquinato | they will have polluted |
Subjunctive
Present subjunctive (Congiuntivo presente) Regular
The congiuntivo presente is required after many verbs and fixed phrases of will, fear, purpose, and doubt. Impersonal and semi-impersonal triggers (è importante che) also force the subjunctive mood.
Penso che sia la scelta giusta.
| Pronoun | Italian |
|---|---|
| io | inquini |
| tu | inquini |
| lui/lei | inquini |
| noi | inquiniamo |
| voi | inquiniate |
| loro | inquinino |
Imperfect subjunctive (Congiuntivo imperfetto) Regular
The congiuntivo imperfetto is the past of the congiuntivo system after a past matrix clause and in se + congi. imperf. → condizionale with unreal conditions.
Se avessi più tempo, viaggerei ogni mese.
| Pronoun | Italian |
|---|---|
| io | inquinassi |
| tu | inquinassi |
| lui/lei | inquinasse |
| noi | inquinassimo |
| voi | inquinaste |
| loro | inquinassero |
Other forms
Imperative (affirmative) (Imperativo) Regular
The affirmative imperativo reuses the tu form as 3sg for -are verbs, while other conjugations use the normal tu present. It is the direct command register.
Raccontami com'è andata l'esame.
| Pronoun | Italian |
|---|---|
| tu | inquina |
| lui/lei | inquini |
| noi | inquiniamo |
| voi | inquinate |
| loro | inquinino |
Imperative (negative) (Imperativo negativo) Regular
Negative commands use non + full infinitive in modern Italian, which is a distinctive rule compared to other Romance languages. Polite or indirect “please don’t” can still soften the tone in context.
Non aprire quella finestra, per favore.
| Pronoun | Italian |
|---|---|
| tu | non inquinare |
| lui/lei | non inquini |
| noi | non inquiniamo |
| voi | non inquinate |
| loro | non inquinino |