litigare — Italian conjugation
to argue
Indicative
Present (Presente) Irregular
The presente covers habits, ongoing situations, and plans about to start — much like English “I study” and “I am studying”. One present tense does both in Italian.
Lavora da casa tre giorni a settimana.
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | litigo | I argue |
| tu | litighi | you argue |
| lui/lei | litiga | he/she/it argues |
| noi | litighiamo | we argue |
| voi | litigate | you (pl.) argue |
| loro | litigano | they argue |
Simple past (Passato remoto) Regular
The passato remoto tells a completed, narrative past, especially in the south and in literature. The passato prossimo is the normal spoken past in the north, so you choose register and region, not a difference in time alone.
Quella sera arrivò tardi, senza alibi.
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | litigai | I argued |
| tu | litigasti | you argued |
| lui/lei | litigò | he/she/it argued |
| noi | litigammo | we argued |
| voi | litigaste | you (pl.) argued |
| loro | litigarono | they argued |
Imperfect (Imperfetto) Regular
The imperfetto is for incomplete past actions, context, and repeated or habitual situations without a clear end. The passato prossimo, not the remoto, is its usual “event” partner in speech.
Da bambina passavo le estati al mare.
| Pronoun | Italian |
|---|---|
| io | litigavo |
| tu | litigavi |
| lui/lei | litigava |
| noi | litigavamo |
| voi | litigavate |
| loro | litigavano |
Conditional (Condizionale) Regular
The condizionale is for polite “would you…”, first-condition hypotheticals, and reported future from a past point of view. The classic if-chain is se + imperfetto → condizionale.
Potresti alzare un poco la voce?
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | litigherei | I would argue |
| tu | litigheresti | you would argue |
| lui/lei | litigherebbe | he/she/it would argue |
| noi | litigheremmo | we would argue |
| voi | litighereste | you (pl.) would argue |
| loro | litigherebbero | they would argue |
Future (Futuro semplice) Irregular
The futuro semplice is for predictions and far decisions. In speech you often hear the present (with a time adverb) or a paraphrase, and a famous trick is the futuro di probabilità for a present guess: saranno le tre.
Domani partiremo all'alba.
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | litigherò | I will argue |
| tu | litigherai | you will argue |
| lui/lei | litigherà | he/she/it will argue |
| noi | litigheremo | we will argue |
| voi | litigherete | you (pl.) will argue |
| loro | litigheranno | they will argue |
Present perfect (Passato prossimo) Regular
The passato prossimo is the workhorse preterit-like past in the north and in everyday Italian: avere/essere + participle, essere for reflexives, motion, and other change-of-state patterns.
Siamo andati a piedi, poi abbiamo preso l'autobus.
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | ho litigato | I have argued |
| tu | hai litigato | you have argued |
| lui/lei | ha litigato | he/she/it has argued |
| noi | abbiamo litigato | we have argued |
| voi | avete litigato | you (pl.) have argued |
| loro | hanno litigato | they have argued |
Pluperfect (Trapassato prossimo) Regular
The trapassato prossimo is “further in the past than another past” — the Italian pluperfect. It pairs with a main past clause to mark sequence.
Avevamo già mangiato quando suonò il telefono.
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | avevo litigato | I had argued |
| tu | avevi litigato | you had argued |
| lui/lei | aveva litigato | he/she/it had argued |
| noi | avevamo litigato | we had argued |
| voi | avevate litigato | you (pl.) had argued |
| loro | avevano litigato | they had argued |
Conditional perfect (Condizionale passato) Regular
The condizionale passato is for unreal or missed past results and often appears with se + trapassato prossimo in the protasis.
Avrei accettato, se mi avessero avvisato in tempo.
| Pronoun | Italian |
|---|---|
| io | avrei litigato |
| tu | avresti litigato |
| lui/lei | avrebbe litigato |
| noi | avremmo litigato |
| voi | avreste litigato |
| loro | avrebbero litigato |
Future perfect (Futuro anteriore) Regular
The futuro anteriore says something will already be over before a still-later future, or, like the French, can express a logical guess about a past result.
Entro le cinque, avrà già lasciato l'ufficio.
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | avrò litigato | I will have argued |
| tu | avrai litigato | you will have argued |
| lui/lei | avrà litigato | he/she/it will have argued |
| noi | avremo litigato | we will have argued |
| voi | avrete litigato | you (pl.) will have argued |
| loro | avranno litigato | they will have argued |
Subjunctive
Present subjunctive (Congiuntivo presente) Irregular
The congiuntivo presente is required after many verbs and fixed phrases of will, fear, purpose, and doubt. Impersonal and semi-impersonal triggers (è importante che) also force the subjunctive mood.
Penso che sia la scelta giusta.
| Pronoun | Italian |
|---|---|
| io | litighi |
| tu | litighi |
| lui/lei | litighi |
| noi | litighiamo |
| voi | litighiate |
| loro | litighino |
Imperfect subjunctive (Congiuntivo imperfetto) Regular
The congiuntivo imperfetto is the past of the congiuntivo system after a past matrix clause and in se + congi. imperf. → condizionale with unreal conditions.
Se avessi più tempo, viaggerei ogni mese.
| Pronoun | Italian |
|---|---|
| io | litigassi |
| tu | litigassi |
| lui/lei | litigasse |
| noi | litigassimo |
| voi | litigaste |
| loro | litigassero |
Other forms
Imperative (affirmative) (Imperativo) Regular
The affirmative imperativo reuses the tu form as 3sg for -are verbs, while other conjugations use the normal tu present. It is the direct command register.
Raccontami com'è andata l'esame.
| Pronoun | Italian |
|---|---|
| tu | litiga |
| lui/lei | litighi |
| noi | litighiamo |
| voi | litigate |
| loro | litighino |
Imperative (negative) (Imperativo negativo) Regular
Negative commands use non + full infinitive in modern Italian, which is a distinctive rule compared to other Romance languages. Polite or indirect “please don’t” can still soften the tone in context.
Non aprire quella finestra, per favore.
| Pronoun | Italian |
|---|---|
| tu | non litigare |
| lui/lei | non litighi |
| noi | non litighiamo |
| voi | non litigate |
| loro | non litighino |