lucidare — Italian conjugation
to polish
Indicative
Present (Presente) Regular
The presente covers habits, ongoing situations, and plans about to start — much like English “I study” and “I am studying”. One present tense does both in Italian.
Lavora da casa tre giorni a settimana.
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | lucido | I polish |
| tu | lucidi | you polish |
| lui/lei | lucida | he/she/it polishes |
| noi | lucidiamo | we polish |
| voi | lucidate | you (pl.) polish |
| loro | lucidano | they polish |
Simple past (Passato remoto) Regular
The passato remoto tells a completed, narrative past, especially in the south and in literature. The passato prossimo is the normal spoken past in the north, so you choose register and region, not a difference in time alone.
Quella sera arrivò tardi, senza alibi.
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | lucidai | I polished |
| tu | lucidasti | you polished |
| lui/lei | lucidò | he/she/it polished |
| noi | lucidammo | we polished |
| voi | lucidaste | you (pl.) polished |
| loro | lucidarono | they polished |
Imperfect (Imperfetto) Regular
The imperfetto is for incomplete past actions, context, and repeated or habitual situations without a clear end. The passato prossimo, not the remoto, is its usual “event” partner in speech.
Da bambina passavo le estati al mare.
| Pronoun | Italian |
|---|---|
| io | lucidavo |
| tu | lucidavi |
| lui/lei | lucidava |
| noi | lucidavamo |
| voi | lucidavate |
| loro | lucidavano |
Conditional (Condizionale) Regular
The condizionale is for polite “would you…”, first-condition hypotheticals, and reported future from a past point of view. The classic if-chain is se + imperfetto → condizionale.
Potresti alzare un poco la voce?
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | luciderei | I would polish |
| tu | lucideresti | you would polish |
| lui/lei | luciderebbe | he/she/it would polish |
| noi | lucideremmo | we would polish |
| voi | lucidereste | you (pl.) would polish |
| loro | luciderebbero | they would polish |
Future (Futuro semplice) Regular
The futuro semplice is for predictions and far decisions. In speech you often hear the present (with a time adverb) or a paraphrase, and a famous trick is the futuro di probabilità for a present guess: saranno le tre.
Domani partiremo all'alba.
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | luciderò | I will polish |
| tu | luciderai | you will polish |
| lui/lei | luciderà | he/she/it will polish |
| noi | lucideremo | we will polish |
| voi | luciderete | you (pl.) will polish |
| loro | lucideranno | they will polish |
Present perfect (Passato prossimo) Regular
The passato prossimo is the workhorse preterit-like past in the north and in everyday Italian: avere/essere + participle, essere for reflexives, motion, and other change-of-state patterns.
Siamo andati a piedi, poi abbiamo preso l'autobus.
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | ho lucidato | I have polished |
| tu | hai lucidato | you have polished |
| lui/lei | ha lucidato | he/she/it has polished |
| noi | abbiamo lucidato | we have polished |
| voi | avete lucidato | you (pl.) have polished |
| loro | hanno lucidato | they have polished |
Pluperfect (Trapassato prossimo) Regular
The trapassato prossimo is “further in the past than another past” — the Italian pluperfect. It pairs with a main past clause to mark sequence.
Avevamo già mangiato quando suonò il telefono.
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | avevo lucidato | I had polished |
| tu | avevi lucidato | you had polished |
| lui/lei | aveva lucidato | he/she/it had polished |
| noi | avevamo lucidato | we had polished |
| voi | avevate lucidato | you (pl.) had polished |
| loro | avevano lucidato | they had polished |
Conditional perfect (Condizionale passato) Regular
The condizionale passato is for unreal or missed past results and often appears with se + trapassato prossimo in the protasis.
Avrei accettato, se mi avessero avvisato in tempo.
| Pronoun | Italian |
|---|---|
| io | avrei lucidato |
| tu | avresti lucidato |
| lui/lei | avrebbe lucidato |
| noi | avremmo lucidato |
| voi | avreste lucidato |
| loro | avrebbero lucidato |
Future perfect (Futuro anteriore) Regular
The futuro anteriore says something will already be over before a still-later future, or, like the French, can express a logical guess about a past result.
Entro le cinque, avrà già lasciato l'ufficio.
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | avrò lucidato | I will have polished |
| tu | avrai lucidato | you will have polished |
| lui/lei | avrà lucidato | he/she/it will have polished |
| noi | avremo lucidato | we will have polished |
| voi | avrete lucidato | you (pl.) will have polished |
| loro | avranno lucidato | they will have polished |
Subjunctive
Present subjunctive (Congiuntivo presente) Regular
The congiuntivo presente is required after many verbs and fixed phrases of will, fear, purpose, and doubt. Impersonal and semi-impersonal triggers (è importante che) also force the subjunctive mood.
Penso che sia la scelta giusta.
| Pronoun | Italian |
|---|---|
| io | lucidi |
| tu | lucidi |
| lui/lei | lucidi |
| noi | lucidiamo |
| voi | lucidiate |
| loro | lucidino |
Imperfect subjunctive (Congiuntivo imperfetto) Regular
The congiuntivo imperfetto is the past of the congiuntivo system after a past matrix clause and in se + congi. imperf. → condizionale with unreal conditions.
Se avessi più tempo, viaggerei ogni mese.
| Pronoun | Italian |
|---|---|
| io | lucidassi |
| tu | lucidassi |
| lui/lei | lucidasse |
| noi | lucidassimo |
| voi | lucidaste |
| loro | lucidassero |
Other forms
Imperative (affirmative) (Imperativo) Regular
The affirmative imperativo reuses the tu form as 3sg for -are verbs, while other conjugations use the normal tu present. It is the direct command register.
Raccontami com'è andata l'esame.
| Pronoun | Italian |
|---|---|
| tu | lucida |
| lui/lei | lucidi |
| noi | lucidiamo |
| voi | lucidate |
| loro | lucidino |
Imperative (negative) (Imperativo negativo) Regular
Negative commands use non + full infinitive in modern Italian, which is a distinctive rule compared to other Romance languages. Polite or indirect “please don’t” can still soften the tone in context.
Non aprire quella finestra, per favore.
| Pronoun | Italian |
|---|---|
| tu | non lucidare |
| lui/lei | non lucidi |
| noi | non lucidiamo |
| voi | non lucidate |
| loro | non lucidino |