restringere — Italian conjugation
to restrict
Indicative
Present (Presente) Irregular
The presente covers habits, ongoing situations, and plans about to start — much like English “I study” and “I am studying”. One present tense does both in Italian.
Lavora da casa tre giorni a settimana.
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | restringo | I restrict |
| tu | restringi | you restrict |
| lui/lei | restringe | he/she/it restricts |
| noi | restringiamo | we restrict |
| voi | restringete | you (pl.) restrict |
| loro | restringono | they restrict |
Simple past (Passato remoto) Irregular
The passato remoto tells a completed, narrative past, especially in the south and in literature. The passato prossimo is the normal spoken past in the north, so you choose register and region, not a difference in time alone.
Quella sera arrivò tardi, senza alibi.
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | restrinsi | I restricted |
| tu | restringesti | you restricted |
| lui/lei | restrinse | he/she/it restricted |
| noi | restringemmo | we restricted |
| voi | restringeste | you (pl.) restricted |
| loro | restrinsero | they restricted |
Imperfect (Imperfetto) Irregular
The imperfetto is for incomplete past actions, context, and repeated or habitual situations without a clear end. The passato prossimo, not the remoto, is its usual “event” partner in speech.
Da bambina passavo le estati al mare.
| Pronoun | Italian |
|---|---|
| io | restringevo |
| tu | restringevi |
| lui/lei | restringeva |
| noi | restringevamo |
| voi | restringevate |
| loro | restringevano |
Conditional (Condizionale) Regular
The condizionale is for polite “would you…”, first-condition hypotheticals, and reported future from a past point of view. The classic if-chain is se + imperfetto → condizionale.
Potresti alzare un poco la voce?
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | restringerei | I would restrict |
| tu | restringeresti | you would restrict |
| lui/lei | restringerebbe | he/she/it would restrict |
| noi | restringeremmo | we would restrict |
| voi | restringereste | you (pl.) would restrict |
| loro | restringerebbero | they would restrict |
Future (Futuro semplice) Irregular
The futuro semplice is for predictions and far decisions. In speech you often hear the present (with a time adverb) or a paraphrase, and a famous trick is the futuro di probabilità for a present guess: saranno le tre.
Domani partiremo all'alba.
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | restringerò | I will restrict |
| tu | restringerai | you will restrict |
| lui/lei | restringerà | he/she/it will restrict |
| noi | restringeremo | we will restrict |
| voi | restringerete | you (pl.) will restrict |
| loro | restringeranno | they will restrict |
Present perfect (Passato prossimo) Regular
The passato prossimo is the workhorse preterit-like past in the north and in everyday Italian: avere/essere + participle, essere for reflexives, motion, and other change-of-state patterns.
Siamo andati a piedi, poi abbiamo preso l'autobus.
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | ho ristretto | I have restricted |
| tu | hai ristretto | you have restricted |
| lui/lei | ha ristretto | he/she/it has restricted |
| noi | abbiamo ristretto | we have restricted |
| voi | avete ristretto | you (pl.) have restricted |
| loro | hanno ristretto | they have restricted |
Pluperfect (Trapassato prossimo) Regular
The trapassato prossimo is “further in the past than another past” — the Italian pluperfect. It pairs with a main past clause to mark sequence.
Avevamo già mangiato quando suonò il telefono.
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | avevo ristretto | I had restricted |
| tu | avevi ristretto | you had restricted |
| lui/lei | aveva ristretto | he/she/it had restricted |
| noi | avevamo ristretto | we had restricted |
| voi | avevate ristretto | you (pl.) had restricted |
| loro | avevano ristretto | they had restricted |
Conditional perfect (Condizionale passato) Regular
The condizionale passato is for unreal or missed past results and often appears with se + trapassato prossimo in the protasis.
Avrei accettato, se mi avessero avvisato in tempo.
| Pronoun | Italian |
|---|---|
| io | avrei ristretto |
| tu | avresti ristretto |
| lui/lei | avrebbe ristretto |
| noi | avremmo ristretto |
| voi | avreste ristretto |
| loro | avrebbero ristretto |
Future perfect (Futuro anteriore) Regular
The futuro anteriore says something will already be over before a still-later future, or, like the French, can express a logical guess about a past result.
Entro le cinque, avrà già lasciato l'ufficio.
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | avrò ristretto | I will have restricted |
| tu | avrai ristretto | you will have restricted |
| lui/lei | avrà ristretto | he/she/it will have restricted |
| noi | avremo ristretto | we will have restricted |
| voi | avrete ristretto | you (pl.) will have restricted |
| loro | avranno ristretto | they will have restricted |
Subjunctive
Present subjunctive (Congiuntivo presente) Irregular
The congiuntivo presente is required after many verbs and fixed phrases of will, fear, purpose, and doubt. Impersonal and semi-impersonal triggers (è importante che) also force the subjunctive mood.
Penso che sia la scelta giusta.
| Pronoun | Italian |
|---|---|
| io | restringa |
| tu | restringa |
| lui/lei | restringa |
| noi | restringiamo |
| voi | restringiate |
| loro | restringano |
Imperfect subjunctive (Congiuntivo imperfetto) Regular
The congiuntivo imperfetto is the past of the congiuntivo system after a past matrix clause and in se + congi. imperf. → condizionale with unreal conditions.
Se avessi più tempo, viaggerei ogni mese.
| Pronoun | Italian |
|---|---|
| io | restringessi |
| tu | restringessi |
| lui/lei | restringesse |
| noi | restringessimo |
| voi | restringeste |
| loro | restringessero |
Other forms
Imperative (affirmative) (Imperativo) Regular
The affirmative imperativo reuses the tu form as 3sg for -are verbs, while other conjugations use the normal tu present. It is the direct command register.
Raccontami com'è andata l'esame.
| Pronoun | Italian |
|---|---|
| tu | restringi |
| lui/lei | restringa |
| noi | restringiamo |
| voi | restringete |
| loro | restringano |
Imperative (negative) (Imperativo negativo) Regular
Negative commands use non + full infinitive in modern Italian, which is a distinctive rule compared to other Romance languages. Polite or indirect “please don’t” can still soften the tone in context.
Non aprire quella finestra, per favore.
| Pronoun | Italian |
|---|---|
| tu | non restringere |
| lui/lei | non restringa |
| noi | non restringiamo |
| voi | non restringete |
| loro | non restringano |