grattare — Italian conjugation

to scratch

Frequency#702Regular

Indicative

Present (Presente) Regular

The presente covers habits, ongoing situations, and plans about to start — much like English “I study” and “I am studying”. One present tense does both in Italian.

Lavora da casa tre giorni a settimana.

PronounItalianEnglish
iograttoI scratch
tugrattiyou scratch
lui/leigrattahe/she/it scratches
noigrattiamowe scratch
voigrattateyou (pl.) scratch
lorograttanothey scratch

Simple past (Passato remoto) Regular

The passato remoto tells a completed, narrative past, especially in the south and in literature. The passato prossimo is the normal spoken past in the north, so you choose register and region, not a difference in time alone.

Quella sera arrivò tardi, senza alibi.

PronounItalianEnglish
iograttaiI scratched
tugrattastiyou scratched
lui/leigrattòhe/she/it scratched
noigrattammowe scratched
voigrattasteyou (pl.) scratched
lorograttaronothey scratched

Imperfect (Imperfetto) Regular

The imperfetto is for incomplete past actions, context, and repeated or habitual situations without a clear end. The passato prossimo, not the remoto, is its usual “event” partner in speech.

Da bambina passavo le estati al mare.

PronounItalian
iograttavo
tugrattavi
lui/leigrattava
noigrattavamo
voigrattavate
lorograttavano

Conditional (Condizionale) Regular

The condizionale is for polite “would you…”, first-condition hypotheticals, and reported future from a past point of view. The classic if-chain is se + imperfetto → condizionale.

Potresti alzare un poco la voce?

PronounItalianEnglish
iograttereiI would scratch
tugratterestiyou would scratch
lui/leigratterebbehe/she/it would scratch
noigratteremmowe would scratch
voigratteresteyou (pl.) would scratch
lorogratterebberothey would scratch

Future (Futuro semplice) Regular

The futuro semplice is for predictions and far decisions. In speech you often hear the present (with a time adverb) or a paraphrase, and a famous trick is the futuro di probabilità for a present guess: saranno le tre.

Domani partiremo all'alba.

PronounItalianEnglish
iogratteròI will scratch
tugratteraiyou will scratch
lui/leigratteràhe/she/it will scratch
noigratteremowe will scratch
voigrattereteyou (pl.) will scratch
lorogratterannothey will scratch

Present perfect (Passato prossimo) Regular

The passato prossimo is the workhorse preterit-like past in the north and in everyday Italian: avere/essere + participle, essere for reflexives, motion, and other change-of-state patterns.

Siamo andati a piedi, poi abbiamo preso l'autobus.

PronounItalianEnglish
ioho grattatoI have scratched
tuhai grattatoyou have scratched
lui/leiha grattatohe/she/it has scratched
noiabbiamo grattatowe have scratched
voiavete grattatoyou (pl.) have scratched
lorohanno grattatothey have scratched

Pluperfect (Trapassato prossimo) Regular

The trapassato prossimo is “further in the past than another past” — the Italian pluperfect. It pairs with a main past clause to mark sequence.

Avevamo già mangiato quando suonò il telefono.

PronounItalianEnglish
ioavevo grattatoI had scratched
tuavevi grattatoyou had scratched
lui/leiaveva grattatohe/she/it had scratched
noiavevamo grattatowe had scratched
voiavevate grattatoyou (pl.) had scratched
loroavevano grattatothey had scratched

Conditional perfect (Condizionale passato) Regular

The condizionale passato is for unreal or missed past results and often appears with se + trapassato prossimo in the protasis.

Avrei accettato, se mi avessero avvisato in tempo.

PronounItalian
ioavrei grattato
tuavresti grattato
lui/leiavrebbe grattato
noiavremmo grattato
voiavreste grattato
loroavrebbero grattato

Future perfect (Futuro anteriore) Regular

The futuro anteriore says something will already be over before a still-later future, or, like the French, can express a logical guess about a past result.

Entro le cinque, avrà già lasciato l'ufficio.

PronounItalianEnglish
ioavrò grattatoI will have scratched
tuavrai grattatoyou will have scratched
lui/leiavrà grattatohe/she/it will have scratched
noiavremo grattatowe will have scratched
voiavrete grattatoyou (pl.) will have scratched
loroavranno grattatothey will have scratched

Subjunctive

Present subjunctive (Congiuntivo presente) Regular

The congiuntivo presente is required after many verbs and fixed phrases of will, fear, purpose, and doubt. Impersonal and semi-impersonal triggers (è importante che) also force the subjunctive mood.

Penso che sia la scelta giusta.

PronounItalian
iogratti
tugratti
lui/leigratti
noigrattiamo
voigrattiate
lorograttino

Imperfect subjunctive (Congiuntivo imperfetto) Regular

The congiuntivo imperfetto is the past of the congiuntivo system after a past matrix clause and in se + congi. imperf. → condizionale with unreal conditions.

Se avessi più tempo, viaggerei ogni mese.

PronounItalian
iograttassi
tugrattassi
lui/leigrattasse
noigrattassimo
voigrattaste
lorograttassero

Other forms

Imperative (affirmative) (Imperativo) Regular

The affirmative imperativo reuses the tu form as 3sg for -are verbs, while other conjugations use the normal tu present. It is the direct command register.

Raccontami com'è andata l'esame.

PronounItalian
tugratta
lui/leigratti
noigrattiamo
voigrattate
lorograttino

Imperative (negative) (Imperativo negativo) Regular

Negative commands use non + full infinitive in modern Italian, which is a distinctive rule compared to other Romance languages. Polite or indirect “please don’t” can still soften the tone in context.

Non aprire quella finestra, per favore.

PronounItalian
tunon grattare
lui/leinon gratti
noinon grattiamo
voinon grattate
loronon grattino