calpestare — Italian conjugation

to trample

Frequency#701Regular

Indicative

Present (Presente) Regular

The presente covers habits, ongoing situations, and plans about to start — much like English “I study” and “I am studying”. One present tense does both in Italian.

Lavora da casa tre giorni a settimana.

PronounItalianEnglish
iocalpestoI trample
tucalpestiyou trample
lui/leicalpestahe/she/it tramples
noicalpestiamowe trample
voicalpestateyou (pl.) trample
lorocalpestanothey trample

Simple past (Passato remoto) Regular

The passato remoto tells a completed, narrative past, especially in the south and in literature. The passato prossimo is the normal spoken past in the north, so you choose register and region, not a difference in time alone.

Quella sera arrivò tardi, senza alibi.

PronounItalianEnglish
iocalpestaiI trampled
tucalpestastiyou trampled
lui/leicalpestòhe/she/it trampled
noicalpestammowe trampled
voicalpestasteyou (pl.) trampled
lorocalpestaronothey trampled

Imperfect (Imperfetto) Regular

The imperfetto is for incomplete past actions, context, and repeated or habitual situations without a clear end. The passato prossimo, not the remoto, is its usual “event” partner in speech.

Da bambina passavo le estati al mare.

PronounItalian
iocalpestavo
tucalpestavi
lui/leicalpestava
noicalpestavamo
voicalpestavate
lorocalpestavano

Conditional (Condizionale) Regular

The condizionale is for polite “would you…”, first-condition hypotheticals, and reported future from a past point of view. The classic if-chain is se + imperfetto → condizionale.

Potresti alzare un poco la voce?

PronounItalianEnglish
iocalpestereiI would trample
tucalpesterestiyou would trample
lui/leicalpesterebbehe/she/it would trample
noicalpesteremmowe would trample
voicalpesteresteyou (pl.) would trample
lorocalpesterebberothey would trample

Future (Futuro semplice) Regular

The futuro semplice is for predictions and far decisions. In speech you often hear the present (with a time adverb) or a paraphrase, and a famous trick is the futuro di probabilità for a present guess: saranno le tre.

Domani partiremo all'alba.

PronounItalianEnglish
iocalpesteròI will trample
tucalpesteraiyou will trample
lui/leicalpesteràhe/she/it will trample
noicalpesteremowe will trample
voicalpestereteyou (pl.) will trample
lorocalpesterannothey will trample

Present perfect (Passato prossimo) Regular

The passato prossimo is the workhorse preterit-like past in the north and in everyday Italian: avere/essere + participle, essere for reflexives, motion, and other change-of-state patterns.

Siamo andati a piedi, poi abbiamo preso l'autobus.

PronounItalianEnglish
ioho calpestatoI have trampled
tuhai calpestatoyou have trampled
lui/leiha calpestatohe/she/it has trampled
noiabbiamo calpestatowe have trampled
voiavete calpestatoyou (pl.) have trampled
lorohanno calpestatothey have trampled

Pluperfect (Trapassato prossimo) Regular

The trapassato prossimo is “further in the past than another past” — the Italian pluperfect. It pairs with a main past clause to mark sequence.

Avevamo già mangiato quando suonò il telefono.

PronounItalianEnglish
ioavevo calpestatoI had trampled
tuavevi calpestatoyou had trampled
lui/leiaveva calpestatohe/she/it had trampled
noiavevamo calpestatowe had trampled
voiavevate calpestatoyou (pl.) had trampled
loroavevano calpestatothey had trampled

Conditional perfect (Condizionale passato) Regular

The condizionale passato is for unreal or missed past results and often appears with se + trapassato prossimo in the protasis.

Avrei accettato, se mi avessero avvisato in tempo.

PronounItalian
ioavrei calpestato
tuavresti calpestato
lui/leiavrebbe calpestato
noiavremmo calpestato
voiavreste calpestato
loroavrebbero calpestato

Future perfect (Futuro anteriore) Regular

The futuro anteriore says something will already be over before a still-later future, or, like the French, can express a logical guess about a past result.

Entro le cinque, avrà già lasciato l'ufficio.

PronounItalianEnglish
ioavrò calpestatoI will have trampled
tuavrai calpestatoyou will have trampled
lui/leiavrà calpestatohe/she/it will have trampled
noiavremo calpestatowe will have trampled
voiavrete calpestatoyou (pl.) will have trampled
loroavranno calpestatothey will have trampled

Subjunctive

Present subjunctive (Congiuntivo presente) Regular

The congiuntivo presente is required after many verbs and fixed phrases of will, fear, purpose, and doubt. Impersonal and semi-impersonal triggers (è importante che) also force the subjunctive mood.

Penso che sia la scelta giusta.

PronounItalian
iocalpesti
tucalpesti
lui/leicalpesti
noicalpestiamo
voicalpestiate
lorocalpestino

Imperfect subjunctive (Congiuntivo imperfetto) Regular

The congiuntivo imperfetto is the past of the congiuntivo system after a past matrix clause and in se + congi. imperf. → condizionale with unreal conditions.

Se avessi più tempo, viaggerei ogni mese.

PronounItalian
iocalpestassi
tucalpestassi
lui/leicalpestasse
noicalpestassimo
voicalpestaste
lorocalpestassero

Other forms

Imperative (affirmative) (Imperativo) Regular

The affirmative imperativo reuses the tu form as 3sg for -are verbs, while other conjugations use the normal tu present. It is the direct command register.

Raccontami com'è andata l'esame.

PronounItalian
tucalpesta
lui/leicalpesti
noicalpestiamo
voicalpestate
lorocalpestino

Imperative (negative) (Imperativo negativo) Regular

Negative commands use non + full infinitive in modern Italian, which is a distinctive rule compared to other Romance languages. Polite or indirect “please don’t” can still soften the tone in context.

Non aprire quella finestra, per favore.

PronounItalian
tunon calpestare
lui/leinon calpesti
noinon calpestiamo
voinon calpestate
loronon calpestino