osare — Italian conjugation
to dare
Indicative
Present (Presente) Regular
The presente covers habits, ongoing situations, and plans about to start — much like English “I study” and “I am studying”. One present tense does both in Italian.
Lavora da casa tre giorni a settimana.
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | oso | I dare |
| tu | osi | you dare |
| lui/lei | osa | he/she/it dares |
| noi | osiamo | we dare |
| voi | osate | you (pl.) dare |
| loro | osano | they dare |
Simple past (Passato remoto) Regular
The passato remoto tells a completed, narrative past, especially in the south and in literature. The passato prossimo is the normal spoken past in the north, so you choose register and region, not a difference in time alone.
Quella sera arrivò tardi, senza alibi.
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | osai | I dared |
| tu | osasti | you dared |
| lui/lei | osò | he/she/it dared |
| noi | osammo | we dared |
| voi | osaste | you (pl.) dared |
| loro | osarono | they dared |
Imperfect (Imperfetto) Regular
The imperfetto is for incomplete past actions, context, and repeated or habitual situations without a clear end. The passato prossimo, not the remoto, is its usual “event” partner in speech.
Da bambina passavo le estati al mare.
| Pronoun | Italian |
|---|---|
| io | osavo |
| tu | osavi |
| lui/lei | osava |
| noi | osavamo |
| voi | osavate |
| loro | osavano |
Conditional (Condizionale) Regular
The condizionale is for polite “would you…”, first-condition hypotheticals, and reported future from a past point of view. The classic if-chain is se + imperfetto → condizionale.
Potresti alzare un poco la voce?
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | oserei | I would dare |
| tu | oseresti | you would dare |
| lui/lei | oserebbe | he/she/it would dare |
| noi | oseremmo | we would dare |
| voi | osereste | you (pl.) would dare |
| loro | oserebbero | they would dare |
Future (Futuro semplice) Regular
The futuro semplice is for predictions and far decisions. In speech you often hear the present (with a time adverb) or a paraphrase, and a famous trick is the futuro di probabilità for a present guess: saranno le tre.
Domani partiremo all'alba.
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | oserò | I will dare |
| tu | oserai | you will dare |
| lui/lei | oserà | he/she/it will dare |
| noi | oseremo | we will dare |
| voi | oserete | you (pl.) will dare |
| loro | oseranno | they will dare |
Present perfect (Passato prossimo) Regular
The passato prossimo is the workhorse preterit-like past in the north and in everyday Italian: avere/essere + participle, essere for reflexives, motion, and other change-of-state patterns.
Siamo andati a piedi, poi abbiamo preso l'autobus.
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | ho osato | I have dared |
| tu | hai osato | you have dared |
| lui/lei | ha osato | he/she/it has dared |
| noi | abbiamo osato | we have dared |
| voi | avete osato | you (pl.) have dared |
| loro | hanno osato | they have dared |
Pluperfect (Trapassato prossimo) Regular
The trapassato prossimo is “further in the past than another past” — the Italian pluperfect. It pairs with a main past clause to mark sequence.
Avevamo già mangiato quando suonò il telefono.
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | avevo osato | I had dared |
| tu | avevi osato | you had dared |
| lui/lei | aveva osato | he/she/it had dared |
| noi | avevamo osato | we had dared |
| voi | avevate osato | you (pl.) had dared |
| loro | avevano osato | they had dared |
Conditional perfect (Condizionale passato) Regular
The condizionale passato is for unreal or missed past results and often appears with se + trapassato prossimo in the protasis.
Avrei accettato, se mi avessero avvisato in tempo.
| Pronoun | Italian |
|---|---|
| io | avrei osato |
| tu | avresti osato |
| lui/lei | avrebbe osato |
| noi | avremmo osato |
| voi | avreste osato |
| loro | avrebbero osato |
Future perfect (Futuro anteriore) Regular
The futuro anteriore says something will already be over before a still-later future, or, like the French, can express a logical guess about a past result.
Entro le cinque, avrà già lasciato l'ufficio.
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | avrò osato | I will have dared |
| tu | avrai osato | you will have dared |
| lui/lei | avrà osato | he/she/it will have dared |
| noi | avremo osato | we will have dared |
| voi | avrete osato | you (pl.) will have dared |
| loro | avranno osato | they will have dared |
Subjunctive
Present subjunctive (Congiuntivo presente) Regular
The congiuntivo presente is required after many verbs and fixed phrases of will, fear, purpose, and doubt. Impersonal and semi-impersonal triggers (è importante che) also force the subjunctive mood.
Penso che sia la scelta giusta.
| Pronoun | Italian |
|---|---|
| io | osi |
| tu | osi |
| lui/lei | osi |
| noi | osiamo |
| voi | osiate |
| loro | osino |
Imperfect subjunctive (Congiuntivo imperfetto) Regular
The congiuntivo imperfetto is the past of the congiuntivo system after a past matrix clause and in se + congi. imperf. → condizionale with unreal conditions.
Se avessi più tempo, viaggerei ogni mese.
| Pronoun | Italian |
|---|---|
| io | osassi |
| tu | osassi |
| lui/lei | osasse |
| noi | osassimo |
| voi | osaste |
| loro | osassero |
Other forms
Imperative (affirmative) (Imperativo) Regular
The affirmative imperativo reuses the tu form as 3sg for -are verbs, while other conjugations use the normal tu present. It is the direct command register.
Raccontami com'è andata l'esame.
| Pronoun | Italian |
|---|---|
| tu | osa |
| lui/lei | osi |
| noi | osiamo |
| voi | osate |
| loro | osino |
Imperative (negative) (Imperativo negativo) Regular
Negative commands use non + full infinitive in modern Italian, which is a distinctive rule compared to other Romance languages. Polite or indirect “please don’t” can still soften the tone in context.
Non aprire quella finestra, per favore.
| Pronoun | Italian |
|---|---|
| tu | non osare |
| lui/lei | non osi |
| noi | non osiamo |
| voi | non osate |
| loro | non osino |