penzolare — Italian conjugation
to dangle
Indicative
Present (Presente) Regular
The presente covers habits, ongoing situations, and plans about to start — much like English “I study” and “I am studying”. One present tense does both in Italian.
Lavora da casa tre giorni a settimana.
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | penzolo | I dangle |
| tu | penzoli | you dangle |
| lui/lei | penzola | he/she/it dangles |
| noi | penzoliamo | we dangle |
| voi | penzolate | you (pl.) dangle |
| loro | penzolano | they dangle |
Simple past (Passato remoto) Regular
The passato remoto tells a completed, narrative past, especially in the south and in literature. The passato prossimo is the normal spoken past in the north, so you choose register and region, not a difference in time alone.
Quella sera arrivò tardi, senza alibi.
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | penzolai | I dangled |
| tu | penzolasti | you dangled |
| lui/lei | penzolò | he/she/it dangled |
| noi | penzolammo | we dangled |
| voi | penzolaste | you (pl.) dangled |
| loro | penzolarono | they dangled |
Imperfect (Imperfetto) Regular
The imperfetto is for incomplete past actions, context, and repeated or habitual situations without a clear end. The passato prossimo, not the remoto, is its usual “event” partner in speech.
Da bambina passavo le estati al mare.
| Pronoun | Italian |
|---|---|
| io | penzolavo |
| tu | penzolavi |
| lui/lei | penzolava |
| noi | penzolavamo |
| voi | penzolavate |
| loro | penzolavano |
Conditional (Condizionale) Regular
The condizionale is for polite “would you…”, first-condition hypotheticals, and reported future from a past point of view. The classic if-chain is se + imperfetto → condizionale.
Potresti alzare un poco la voce?
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | penzolerei | I would dangle |
| tu | penzoleresti | you would dangle |
| lui/lei | penzolerebbe | he/she/it would dangle |
| noi | penzoleremmo | we would dangle |
| voi | penzolereste | you (pl.) would dangle |
| loro | penzolerebbero | they would dangle |
Future (Futuro semplice) Regular
The futuro semplice is for predictions and far decisions. In speech you often hear the present (with a time adverb) or a paraphrase, and a famous trick is the futuro di probabilità for a present guess: saranno le tre.
Domani partiremo all'alba.
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | penzolerò | I will dangle |
| tu | penzolerai | you will dangle |
| lui/lei | penzolerà | he/she/it will dangle |
| noi | penzoleremo | we will dangle |
| voi | penzolerete | you (pl.) will dangle |
| loro | penzoleranno | they will dangle |
Present perfect (Passato prossimo) Regular
The passato prossimo is the workhorse preterit-like past in the north and in everyday Italian: avere/essere + participle, essere for reflexives, motion, and other change-of-state patterns.
Siamo andati a piedi, poi abbiamo preso l'autobus.
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | ho penzolato | I have dangled |
| tu | hai penzolato | you have dangled |
| lui/lei | ha penzolato | he/she/it has dangled |
| noi | abbiamo penzolato | we have dangled |
| voi | avete penzolato | you (pl.) have dangled |
| loro | hanno penzolato | they have dangled |
Pluperfect (Trapassato prossimo) Regular
The trapassato prossimo is “further in the past than another past” — the Italian pluperfect. It pairs with a main past clause to mark sequence.
Avevamo già mangiato quando suonò il telefono.
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | avevo penzolato | I had dangled |
| tu | avevi penzolato | you had dangled |
| lui/lei | aveva penzolato | he/she/it had dangled |
| noi | avevamo penzolato | we had dangled |
| voi | avevate penzolato | you (pl.) had dangled |
| loro | avevano penzolato | they had dangled |
Conditional perfect (Condizionale passato) Regular
The condizionale passato is for unreal or missed past results and often appears with se + trapassato prossimo in the protasis.
Avrei accettato, se mi avessero avvisato in tempo.
| Pronoun | Italian |
|---|---|
| io | avrei penzolato |
| tu | avresti penzolato |
| lui/lei | avrebbe penzolato |
| noi | avremmo penzolato |
| voi | avreste penzolato |
| loro | avrebbero penzolato |
Future perfect (Futuro anteriore) Regular
The futuro anteriore says something will already be over before a still-later future, or, like the French, can express a logical guess about a past result.
Entro le cinque, avrà già lasciato l'ufficio.
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | avrò penzolato | I will have dangled |
| tu | avrai penzolato | you will have dangled |
| lui/lei | avrà penzolato | he/she/it will have dangled |
| noi | avremo penzolato | we will have dangled |
| voi | avrete penzolato | you (pl.) will have dangled |
| loro | avranno penzolato | they will have dangled |
Subjunctive
Present subjunctive (Congiuntivo presente) Regular
The congiuntivo presente is required after many verbs and fixed phrases of will, fear, purpose, and doubt. Impersonal and semi-impersonal triggers (è importante che) also force the subjunctive mood.
Penso che sia la scelta giusta.
| Pronoun | Italian |
|---|---|
| io | penzoli |
| tu | penzoli |
| lui/lei | penzoli |
| noi | penzoliamo |
| voi | penzoliate |
| loro | penzolino |
Imperfect subjunctive (Congiuntivo imperfetto) Regular
The congiuntivo imperfetto is the past of the congiuntivo system after a past matrix clause and in se + congi. imperf. → condizionale with unreal conditions.
Se avessi più tempo, viaggerei ogni mese.
| Pronoun | Italian |
|---|---|
| io | penzolassi |
| tu | penzolassi |
| lui/lei | penzolasse |
| noi | penzolassimo |
| voi | penzolaste |
| loro | penzolassero |
Other forms
Imperative (affirmative) (Imperativo) Regular
The affirmative imperativo reuses the tu form as 3sg for -are verbs, while other conjugations use the normal tu present. It is the direct command register.
Raccontami com'è andata l'esame.
| Pronoun | Italian |
|---|---|
| tu | penzola |
| lui/lei | penzoli |
| noi | penzoliamo |
| voi | penzolate |
| loro | penzolino |
Imperative (negative) (Imperativo negativo) Regular
Negative commands use non + full infinitive in modern Italian, which is a distinctive rule compared to other Romance languages. Polite or indirect “please don’t” can still soften the tone in context.
Non aprire quella finestra, per favore.
| Pronoun | Italian |
|---|---|
| tu | non penzolare |
| lui/lei | non penzoli |
| noi | non penzoliamo |
| voi | non penzolate |
| loro | non penzolino |