ribaltare — Italian conjugation
to overturn
Indicative
Present (Presente) Regular
The presente covers habits, ongoing situations, and plans about to start — much like English “I study” and “I am studying”. One present tense does both in Italian.
Lavora da casa tre giorni a settimana.
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | ribalto | I overturn |
| tu | ribalti | you overturn |
| lui/lei | ribalta | he/she/it overturns |
| noi | ribaltiamo | we overturn |
| voi | ribaltate | you (pl.) overturn |
| loro | ribaltano | they overturn |
Simple past (Passato remoto) Regular
The passato remoto tells a completed, narrative past, especially in the south and in literature. The passato prossimo is the normal spoken past in the north, so you choose register and region, not a difference in time alone.
Quella sera arrivò tardi, senza alibi.
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | ribaltai | I overturned |
| tu | ribaltasti | you overturned |
| lui/lei | ribaltò | he/she/it overturned |
| noi | ribaltammo | we overturned |
| voi | ribaltaste | you (pl.) overturned |
| loro | ribaltarono | they overturned |
Imperfect (Imperfetto) Regular
The imperfetto is for incomplete past actions, context, and repeated or habitual situations without a clear end. The passato prossimo, not the remoto, is its usual “event” partner in speech.
Da bambina passavo le estati al mare.
| Pronoun | Italian |
|---|---|
| io | ribaltavo |
| tu | ribaltavi |
| lui/lei | ribaltava |
| noi | ribaltavamo |
| voi | ribaltavate |
| loro | ribaltavano |
Conditional (Condizionale) Regular
The condizionale is for polite “would you…”, first-condition hypotheticals, and reported future from a past point of view. The classic if-chain is se + imperfetto → condizionale.
Potresti alzare un poco la voce?
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | ribalterei | I would overturn |
| tu | ribalteresti | you would overturn |
| lui/lei | ribalterebbe | he/she/it would overturn |
| noi | ribalteremmo | we would overturn |
| voi | ribaltereste | you (pl.) would overturn |
| loro | ribalterebbero | they would overturn |
Future (Futuro semplice) Regular
The futuro semplice is for predictions and far decisions. In speech you often hear the present (with a time adverb) or a paraphrase, and a famous trick is the futuro di probabilità for a present guess: saranno le tre.
Domani partiremo all'alba.
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | ribalterò | I will overturn |
| tu | ribalterai | you will overturn |
| lui/lei | ribalterà | he/she/it will overturn |
| noi | ribalteremo | we will overturn |
| voi | ribalterete | you (pl.) will overturn |
| loro | ribalteranno | they will overturn |
Present perfect (Passato prossimo) Regular
The passato prossimo is the workhorse preterit-like past in the north and in everyday Italian: avere/essere + participle, essere for reflexives, motion, and other change-of-state patterns.
Siamo andati a piedi, poi abbiamo preso l'autobus.
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | ho ribaltato | I have overturned |
| tu | hai ribaltato | you have overturned |
| lui/lei | ha ribaltato | he/she/it has overturned |
| noi | abbiamo ribaltato | we have overturned |
| voi | avete ribaltato | you (pl.) have overturned |
| loro | hanno ribaltato | they have overturned |
Pluperfect (Trapassato prossimo) Regular
The trapassato prossimo is “further in the past than another past” — the Italian pluperfect. It pairs with a main past clause to mark sequence.
Avevamo già mangiato quando suonò il telefono.
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | avevo ribaltato | I had overturned |
| tu | avevi ribaltato | you had overturned |
| lui/lei | aveva ribaltato | he/she/it had overturned |
| noi | avevamo ribaltato | we had overturned |
| voi | avevate ribaltato | you (pl.) had overturned |
| loro | avevano ribaltato | they had overturned |
Conditional perfect (Condizionale passato) Regular
The condizionale passato is for unreal or missed past results and often appears with se + trapassato prossimo in the protasis.
Avrei accettato, se mi avessero avvisato in tempo.
| Pronoun | Italian |
|---|---|
| io | avrei ribaltato |
| tu | avresti ribaltato |
| lui/lei | avrebbe ribaltato |
| noi | avremmo ribaltato |
| voi | avreste ribaltato |
| loro | avrebbero ribaltato |
Future perfect (Futuro anteriore) Regular
The futuro anteriore says something will already be over before a still-later future, or, like the French, can express a logical guess about a past result.
Entro le cinque, avrà già lasciato l'ufficio.
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | avrò ribaltato | I will have overturned |
| tu | avrai ribaltato | you will have overturned |
| lui/lei | avrà ribaltato | he/she/it will have overturned |
| noi | avremo ribaltato | we will have overturned |
| voi | avrete ribaltato | you (pl.) will have overturned |
| loro | avranno ribaltato | they will have overturned |
Subjunctive
Present subjunctive (Congiuntivo presente) Regular
The congiuntivo presente is required after many verbs and fixed phrases of will, fear, purpose, and doubt. Impersonal and semi-impersonal triggers (è importante che) also force the subjunctive mood.
Penso che sia la scelta giusta.
| Pronoun | Italian |
|---|---|
| io | ribalti |
| tu | ribalti |
| lui/lei | ribalti |
| noi | ribaltiamo |
| voi | ribaltiate |
| loro | ribaltino |
Imperfect subjunctive (Congiuntivo imperfetto) Regular
The congiuntivo imperfetto is the past of the congiuntivo system after a past matrix clause and in se + congi. imperf. → condizionale with unreal conditions.
Se avessi più tempo, viaggerei ogni mese.
| Pronoun | Italian |
|---|---|
| io | ribaltassi |
| tu | ribaltassi |
| lui/lei | ribaltasse |
| noi | ribaltassimo |
| voi | ribaltaste |
| loro | ribaltassero |
Other forms
Imperative (affirmative) (Imperativo) Regular
The affirmative imperativo reuses the tu form as 3sg for -are verbs, while other conjugations use the normal tu present. It is the direct command register.
Raccontami com'è andata l'esame.
| Pronoun | Italian |
|---|---|
| tu | ribalta |
| lui/lei | ribalti |
| noi | ribaltiamo |
| voi | ribaltate |
| loro | ribaltino |
Imperative (negative) (Imperativo negativo) Regular
Negative commands use non + full infinitive in modern Italian, which is a distinctive rule compared to other Romance languages. Polite or indirect “please don’t” can still soften the tone in context.
Non aprire quella finestra, per favore.
| Pronoun | Italian |
|---|---|
| tu | non ribaltare |
| lui/lei | non ribalti |
| noi | non ribaltiamo |
| voi | non ribaltate |
| loro | non ribaltino |