piantare — Italian conjugation
to plant; to sow
Indicative
Present (Presente) Regular
The presente covers habits, ongoing situations, and plans about to start — much like English “I study” and “I am studying”. One present tense does both in Italian.
Lavora da casa tre giorni a settimana.
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | pianto | I plant |
| tu | pianti | you plant |
| lui/lei | pianta | he/she/it plants |
| noi | piantiamo | we plant |
| voi | piantate | you (pl.) plant |
| loro | piantano | they plant |
Simple past (Passato remoto) Regular
The passato remoto tells a completed, narrative past, especially in the south and in literature. The passato prossimo is the normal spoken past in the north, so you choose register and region, not a difference in time alone.
Quella sera arrivò tardi, senza alibi.
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | piantai | I planted |
| tu | piantasti | you planted |
| lui/lei | piantò | he/she/it planted |
| noi | piantammo | we planted |
| voi | piantaste | you (pl.) planted |
| loro | piantarono | they planted |
Imperfect (Imperfetto) Regular
The imperfetto is for incomplete past actions, context, and repeated or habitual situations without a clear end. The passato prossimo, not the remoto, is its usual “event” partner in speech.
Da bambina passavo le estati al mare.
| Pronoun | Italian |
|---|---|
| io | piantavo |
| tu | piantavi |
| lui/lei | piantava |
| noi | piantavamo |
| voi | piantavate |
| loro | piantavano |
Conditional (Condizionale) Regular
The condizionale is for polite “would you…”, first-condition hypotheticals, and reported future from a past point of view. The classic if-chain is se + imperfetto → condizionale.
Potresti alzare un poco la voce?
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | pianterei | I would plant |
| tu | pianteresti | you would plant |
| lui/lei | pianterebbe | he/she/it would plant |
| noi | pianteremmo | we would plant |
| voi | piantereste | you (pl.) would plant |
| loro | pianterebbero | they would plant |
Future (Futuro semplice) Regular
The futuro semplice is for predictions and far decisions. In speech you often hear the present (with a time adverb) or a paraphrase, and a famous trick is the futuro di probabilità for a present guess: saranno le tre.
Domani partiremo all'alba.
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | pianterò | I will plant |
| tu | pianterai | you will plant |
| lui/lei | pianterà | he/she/it will plant |
| noi | pianteremo | we will plant |
| voi | pianterete | you (pl.) will plant |
| loro | pianteranno | they will plant |
Present perfect (Passato prossimo) Regular
The passato prossimo is the workhorse preterit-like past in the north and in everyday Italian: avere/essere + participle, essere for reflexives, motion, and other change-of-state patterns.
Siamo andati a piedi, poi abbiamo preso l'autobus.
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | ho piantato | I have planted |
| tu | hai piantato | you have planted |
| lui/lei | ha piantato | he/she/it has planted |
| noi | abbiamo piantato | we have planted |
| voi | avete piantato | you (pl.) have planted |
| loro | hanno piantato | they have planted |
Pluperfect (Trapassato prossimo) Regular
The trapassato prossimo is “further in the past than another past” — the Italian pluperfect. It pairs with a main past clause to mark sequence.
Avevamo già mangiato quando suonò il telefono.
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | avevo piantato | I had planted |
| tu | avevi piantato | you had planted |
| lui/lei | aveva piantato | he/she/it had planted |
| noi | avevamo piantato | we had planted |
| voi | avevate piantato | you (pl.) had planted |
| loro | avevano piantato | they had planted |
Conditional perfect (Condizionale passato) Regular
The condizionale passato is for unreal or missed past results and often appears with se + trapassato prossimo in the protasis.
Avrei accettato, se mi avessero avvisato in tempo.
| Pronoun | Italian |
|---|---|
| io | avrei piantato |
| tu | avresti piantato |
| lui/lei | avrebbe piantato |
| noi | avremmo piantato |
| voi | avreste piantato |
| loro | avrebbero piantato |
Future perfect (Futuro anteriore) Regular
The futuro anteriore says something will already be over before a still-later future, or, like the French, can express a logical guess about a past result.
Entro le cinque, avrà già lasciato l'ufficio.
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | avrò piantato | I will have planted |
| tu | avrai piantato | you will have planted |
| lui/lei | avrà piantato | he/she/it will have planted |
| noi | avremo piantato | we will have planted |
| voi | avrete piantato | you (pl.) will have planted |
| loro | avranno piantato | they will have planted |
Subjunctive
Present subjunctive (Congiuntivo presente) Regular
The congiuntivo presente is required after many verbs and fixed phrases of will, fear, purpose, and doubt. Impersonal and semi-impersonal triggers (è importante che) also force the subjunctive mood.
Penso che sia la scelta giusta.
| Pronoun | Italian |
|---|---|
| io | pianti |
| tu | pianti |
| lui/lei | pianti |
| noi | piantiamo |
| voi | piantiate |
| loro | piantino |
Imperfect subjunctive (Congiuntivo imperfetto) Regular
The congiuntivo imperfetto is the past of the congiuntivo system after a past matrix clause and in se + congi. imperf. → condizionale with unreal conditions.
Se avessi più tempo, viaggerei ogni mese.
| Pronoun | Italian |
|---|---|
| io | piantassi |
| tu | piantassi |
| lui/lei | piantasse |
| noi | piantassimo |
| voi | piantaste |
| loro | piantassero |
Other forms
Imperative (affirmative) (Imperativo) Regular
The affirmative imperativo reuses the tu form as 3sg for -are verbs, while other conjugations use the normal tu present. It is the direct command register.
Raccontami com'è andata l'esame.
| Pronoun | Italian |
|---|---|
| tu | pianta |
| lui/lei | pianti |
| noi | piantiamo |
| voi | piantate |
| loro | piantino |
Imperative (negative) (Imperativo negativo) Regular
Negative commands use non + full infinitive in modern Italian, which is a distinctive rule compared to other Romance languages. Polite or indirect “please don’t” can still soften the tone in context.
Non aprire quella finestra, per favore.
| Pronoun | Italian |
|---|---|
| tu | non piantare |
| lui/lei | non pianti |
| noi | non piantiamo |
| voi | non piantate |
| loro | non piantino |