apprendere — Italian conjugation
to learn (a skill)
Indicative
Present (Presente) Regular
The presente covers habits, ongoing situations, and plans about to start — much like English “I study” and “I am studying”. One present tense does both in Italian.
Lavora da casa tre giorni a settimana.
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | apprendo | I learn |
| tu | apprendi | you learn |
| lui/lei | apprende | he/she/it learns |
| noi | apprendiamo | we learn |
| voi | apprendete | you (pl.) learn |
| loro | apprendono | they learn |
Simple past (Passato remoto) Irregular
The passato remoto tells a completed, narrative past, especially in the south and in literature. The passato prossimo is the normal spoken past in the north, so you choose register and region, not a difference in time alone.
Quella sera arrivò tardi, senza alibi.
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | appresi | I learned |
| tu | apprendesti | you learned |
| lui/lei | apprese | he/she/it learned |
| noi | apprendemmo | we learned |
| voi | apprendeste | you (pl.) learned |
| loro | appresero | they learned |
Imperfect (Imperfetto) Regular
The imperfetto is for incomplete past actions, context, and repeated or habitual situations without a clear end. The passato prossimo, not the remoto, is its usual “event” partner in speech.
Da bambina passavo le estati al mare.
| Pronoun | Italian |
|---|---|
| io | apprendevo |
| tu | apprendevi |
| lui/lei | apprendeva |
| noi | apprendevamo |
| voi | apprendevate |
| loro | apprendevano |
Conditional (Condizionale) Regular
The condizionale is for polite “would you…”, first-condition hypotheticals, and reported future from a past point of view. The classic if-chain is se + imperfetto → condizionale.
Potresti alzare un poco la voce?
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | apprenderei | I would learn |
| tu | apprenderesti | you would learn |
| lui/lei | apprenderebbe | he/she/it would learn |
| noi | apprenderemmo | we would learn |
| voi | apprendereste | you (pl.) would learn |
| loro | apprenderebbero | they would learn |
Future (Futuro semplice) Regular
The futuro semplice is for predictions and far decisions. In speech you often hear the present (with a time adverb) or a paraphrase, and a famous trick is the futuro di probabilità for a present guess: saranno le tre.
Domani partiremo all'alba.
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | apprenderò | I will learn |
| tu | apprenderai | you will learn |
| lui/lei | apprenderà | he/she/it will learn |
| noi | apprenderemo | we will learn |
| voi | apprenderete | you (pl.) will learn |
| loro | apprenderanno | they will learn |
Present perfect (Passato prossimo) Regular
The passato prossimo is the workhorse preterit-like past in the north and in everyday Italian: avere/essere + participle, essere for reflexives, motion, and other change-of-state patterns.
Siamo andati a piedi, poi abbiamo preso l'autobus.
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | ho appreso | I have learned |
| tu | hai appreso | you have learned |
| lui/lei | ha appreso | he/she/it has learned |
| noi | abbiamo appreso | we have learned |
| voi | avete appreso | you (pl.) have learned |
| loro | hanno appreso | they have learned |
Pluperfect (Trapassato prossimo) Regular
The trapassato prossimo is “further in the past than another past” — the Italian pluperfect. It pairs with a main past clause to mark sequence.
Avevamo già mangiato quando suonò il telefono.
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | avevo appreso | I had learned |
| tu | avevi appreso | you had learned |
| lui/lei | aveva appreso | he/she/it had learned |
| noi | avevamo appreso | we had learned |
| voi | avevate appreso | you (pl.) had learned |
| loro | avevano appreso | they had learned |
Conditional perfect (Condizionale passato) Regular
The condizionale passato is for unreal or missed past results and often appears with se + trapassato prossimo in the protasis.
Avrei accettato, se mi avessero avvisato in tempo.
| Pronoun | Italian |
|---|---|
| io | avrei appreso |
| tu | avresti appreso |
| lui/lei | avrebbe appreso |
| noi | avremmo appreso |
| voi | avreste appreso |
| loro | avrebbero appreso |
Future perfect (Futuro anteriore) Regular
The futuro anteriore says something will already be over before a still-later future, or, like the French, can express a logical guess about a past result.
Entro le cinque, avrà già lasciato l'ufficio.
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | avrò appreso | I will have learned |
| tu | avrai appreso | you will have learned |
| lui/lei | avrà appreso | he/she/it will have learned |
| noi | avremo appreso | we will have learned |
| voi | avrete appreso | you (pl.) will have learned |
| loro | avranno appreso | they will have learned |
Subjunctive
Present subjunctive (Congiuntivo presente) Regular
The congiuntivo presente is required after many verbs and fixed phrases of will, fear, purpose, and doubt. Impersonal and semi-impersonal triggers (è importante che) also force the subjunctive mood.
Penso che sia la scelta giusta.
| Pronoun | Italian |
|---|---|
| io | apprenda |
| tu | apprenda |
| lui/lei | apprenda |
| noi | apprendiamo |
| voi | apprendiate |
| loro | apprendano |
Imperfect subjunctive (Congiuntivo imperfetto) Regular
The congiuntivo imperfetto is the past of the congiuntivo system after a past matrix clause and in se + congi. imperf. → condizionale with unreal conditions.
Se avessi più tempo, viaggerei ogni mese.
| Pronoun | Italian |
|---|---|
| io | apprendessi |
| tu | apprendessi |
| lui/lei | apprendesse |
| noi | apprendessimo |
| voi | apprendeste |
| loro | apprendessero |
Other forms
Imperative (affirmative) (Imperativo) Regular
The affirmative imperativo reuses the tu form as 3sg for -are verbs, while other conjugations use the normal tu present. It is the direct command register.
Raccontami com'è andata l'esame.
| Pronoun | Italian |
|---|---|
| tu | apprendi |
| lui/lei | apprenda |
| noi | apprendiamo |
| voi | apprendete |
| loro | apprendano |
Imperative (negative) (Imperativo negativo) Regular
Negative commands use non + full infinitive in modern Italian, which is a distinctive rule compared to other Romance languages. Polite or indirect “please don’t” can still soften the tone in context.
Non aprire quella finestra, per favore.
| Pronoun | Italian |
|---|---|
| tu | non apprendere |
| lui/lei | non apprenda |
| noi | non apprendiamo |
| voi | non apprendete |
| loro | non apprendano |