promulgare — Italian conjugation
to promulgate
Indicative
Present (Presente) Irregular
The presente covers habits, ongoing situations, and plans about to start — much like English “I study” and “I am studying”. One present tense does both in Italian.
Lavora da casa tre giorni a settimana.
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | promulgo | I promulgate |
| tu | promulghi | you promulgate |
| lui/lei | promulga | he/she/it promulgates |
| noi | promulghiamo | we promulgate |
| voi | promulgate | you (pl.) promulgate |
| loro | promulgano | they promulgate |
Simple past (Passato remoto) Regular
The passato remoto tells a completed, narrative past, especially in the south and in literature. The passato prossimo is the normal spoken past in the north, so you choose register and region, not a difference in time alone.
Quella sera arrivò tardi, senza alibi.
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | promulgai | I promulgated |
| tu | promulgasti | you promulgated |
| lui/lei | promulgò | he/she/it promulgated |
| noi | promulgammo | we promulgated |
| voi | promulgaste | you (pl.) promulgated |
| loro | promulgarono | they promulgated |
Imperfect (Imperfetto) Regular
The imperfetto is for incomplete past actions, context, and repeated or habitual situations without a clear end. The passato prossimo, not the remoto, is its usual “event” partner in speech.
Da bambina passavo le estati al mare.
| Pronoun | Italian |
|---|---|
| io | promulgavo |
| tu | promulgavi |
| lui/lei | promulgava |
| noi | promulgavamo |
| voi | promulgavate |
| loro | promulgavano |
Conditional (Condizionale) Regular
The condizionale is for polite “would you…”, first-condition hypotheticals, and reported future from a past point of view. The classic if-chain is se + imperfetto → condizionale.
Potresti alzare un poco la voce?
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | promulgherei | I would promulgate |
| tu | promulgheresti | you would promulgate |
| lui/lei | promulgherebbe | he/she/it would promulgate |
| noi | promulgheremmo | we would promulgate |
| voi | promulghereste | you (pl.) would promulgate |
| loro | promulgherebbero | they would promulgate |
Future (Futuro semplice) Irregular
The futuro semplice is for predictions and far decisions. In speech you often hear the present (with a time adverb) or a paraphrase, and a famous trick is the futuro di probabilità for a present guess: saranno le tre.
Domani partiremo all'alba.
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | promulgherò | I will promulgate |
| tu | promulgherai | you will promulgate |
| lui/lei | promulgherà | he/she/it will promulgate |
| noi | promulgheremo | we will promulgate |
| voi | promulgherete | you (pl.) will promulgate |
| loro | promulgheranno | they will promulgate |
Present perfect (Passato prossimo) Regular
The passato prossimo is the workhorse preterit-like past in the north and in everyday Italian: avere/essere + participle, essere for reflexives, motion, and other change-of-state patterns.
Siamo andati a piedi, poi abbiamo preso l'autobus.
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | ho promulgato | I have promulgated |
| tu | hai promulgato | you have promulgated |
| lui/lei | ha promulgato | he/she/it has promulgated |
| noi | abbiamo promulgato | we have promulgated |
| voi | avete promulgato | you (pl.) have promulgated |
| loro | hanno promulgato | they have promulgated |
Pluperfect (Trapassato prossimo) Regular
The trapassato prossimo is “further in the past than another past” — the Italian pluperfect. It pairs with a main past clause to mark sequence.
Avevamo già mangiato quando suonò il telefono.
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | avevo promulgato | I had promulgated |
| tu | avevi promulgato | you had promulgated |
| lui/lei | aveva promulgato | he/she/it had promulgated |
| noi | avevamo promulgato | we had promulgated |
| voi | avevate promulgato | you (pl.) had promulgated |
| loro | avevano promulgato | they had promulgated |
Conditional perfect (Condizionale passato) Regular
The condizionale passato is for unreal or missed past results and often appears with se + trapassato prossimo in the protasis.
Avrei accettato, se mi avessero avvisato in tempo.
| Pronoun | Italian |
|---|---|
| io | avrei promulgato |
| tu | avresti promulgato |
| lui/lei | avrebbe promulgato |
| noi | avremmo promulgato |
| voi | avreste promulgato |
| loro | avrebbero promulgato |
Future perfect (Futuro anteriore) Regular
The futuro anteriore says something will already be over before a still-later future, or, like the French, can express a logical guess about a past result.
Entro le cinque, avrà già lasciato l'ufficio.
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | avrò promulgato | I will have promulgated |
| tu | avrai promulgato | you will have promulgated |
| lui/lei | avrà promulgato | he/she/it will have promulgated |
| noi | avremo promulgato | we will have promulgated |
| voi | avrete promulgato | you (pl.) will have promulgated |
| loro | avranno promulgato | they will have promulgated |
Subjunctive
Present subjunctive (Congiuntivo presente) Irregular
The congiuntivo presente is required after many verbs and fixed phrases of will, fear, purpose, and doubt. Impersonal and semi-impersonal triggers (è importante che) also force the subjunctive mood.
Penso che sia la scelta giusta.
| Pronoun | Italian |
|---|---|
| io | promulghi |
| tu | promulghi |
| lui/lei | promulghi |
| noi | promulghiamo |
| voi | promulghiate |
| loro | promulghino |
Imperfect subjunctive (Congiuntivo imperfetto) Regular
The congiuntivo imperfetto is the past of the congiuntivo system after a past matrix clause and in se + congi. imperf. → condizionale with unreal conditions.
Se avessi più tempo, viaggerei ogni mese.
| Pronoun | Italian |
|---|---|
| io | promulgassi |
| tu | promulgassi |
| lui/lei | promulgasse |
| noi | promulgassimo |
| voi | promulgaste |
| loro | promulgassero |
Other forms
Imperative (affirmative) (Imperativo) Regular
The affirmative imperativo reuses the tu form as 3sg for -are verbs, while other conjugations use the normal tu present. It is the direct command register.
Raccontami com'è andata l'esame.
| Pronoun | Italian |
|---|---|
| tu | promulga |
| lui/lei | promulghi |
| noi | promulghiamo |
| voi | promulgate |
| loro | promulghino |
Imperative (negative) (Imperativo negativo) Regular
Negative commands use non + full infinitive in modern Italian, which is a distinctive rule compared to other Romance languages. Polite or indirect “please don’t” can still soften the tone in context.
Non aprire quella finestra, per favore.
| Pronoun | Italian |
|---|---|
| tu | non promulgare |
| lui/lei | non promulghi |
| noi | non promulghiamo |
| voi | non promulgate |
| loro | non promulghino |