dipendere — Italian conjugation
to be dependent on, to depend on, to rely on
Indicative
Present (Presente) Regular
The presente covers habits, ongoing situations, and plans about to start — much like English “I study” and “I am studying”. One present tense does both in Italian.
Lavora da casa tre giorni a settimana.
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | dipendo | I am dependent on |
| tu | dipendi | you are dependent on |
| lui/lei | dipende | he/she/it is dependent on |
| noi | dipendiamo | we are dependent on |
| voi | dipendete | you (pl.) are dependent on |
| loro | dipendono | they are dependent on |
Simple past (Passato remoto) Irregular
The passato remoto tells a completed, narrative past, especially in the south and in literature. The passato prossimo is the normal spoken past in the north, so you choose register and region, not a difference in time alone.
Quella sera arrivò tardi, senza alibi.
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | dipesi | I was dependent on |
| tu | dipendesti | you were dependent on |
| lui/lei | dipese | he/she/it was dependent on |
| noi | dipendemmo | we were dependent on |
| voi | dipendeste | you (pl.) were dependent on |
| loro | dipesero | they were dependent on |
Imperfect (Imperfetto) Regular
The imperfetto is for incomplete past actions, context, and repeated or habitual situations without a clear end. The passato prossimo, not the remoto, is its usual “event” partner in speech.
Da bambina passavo le estati al mare.
| Pronoun | Italian |
|---|---|
| io | dipendevo |
| tu | dipendevi |
| lui/lei | dipendeva |
| noi | dipendevamo |
| voi | dipendevate |
| loro | dipendevano |
Conditional (Condizionale) Regular
The condizionale is for polite “would you…”, first-condition hypotheticals, and reported future from a past point of view. The classic if-chain is se + imperfetto → condizionale.
Potresti alzare un poco la voce?
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | dipenderei | I would be dependent on |
| tu | dipenderesti | you would be dependent on |
| lui/lei | dipenderebbe | he/she/it would be dependent on |
| noi | dipenderemmo | we would be dependent on |
| voi | dipendereste | you (pl.) would be dependent on |
| loro | dipenderebbero | they would be dependent on |
Future (Futuro semplice) Regular
The futuro semplice is for predictions and far decisions. In speech you often hear the present (with a time adverb) or a paraphrase, and a famous trick is the futuro di probabilità for a present guess: saranno le tre.
Domani partiremo all'alba.
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | dipenderò | I will be dependent on |
| tu | dipenderai | you will be dependent on |
| lui/lei | dipenderà | he/she/it will be dependent on |
| noi | dipenderemo | we will be dependent on |
| voi | dipenderete | you (pl.) will be dependent on |
| loro | dipenderanno | they will be dependent on |
Present perfect (Passato prossimo) Regular
The passato prossimo is the workhorse preterit-like past in the north and in everyday Italian: avere/essere + participle, essere for reflexives, motion, and other change-of-state patterns.
Siamo andati a piedi, poi abbiamo preso l'autobus.
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | sono dipeso/a | I have been dependent on |
| tu | sei dipeso/a | you have been dependent on |
| lui/lei | è dipeso/a | he/she/it has been dependent on |
| noi | siamo dipesi/e | we have been dependent on |
| voi | siete dipesi/e | you (pl.) have been dependent on |
| loro | sono dipesi/e | they have been dependent on |
Pluperfect (Trapassato prossimo) Regular
The trapassato prossimo is “further in the past than another past” — the Italian pluperfect. It pairs with a main past clause to mark sequence.
Avevamo già mangiato quando suonò il telefono.
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | ero dipeso/a | I had been dependent on |
| tu | eri dipeso/a | you had been dependent on |
| lui/lei | era dipeso/a | he/she/it had been dependent on |
| noi | eravamo dipesi/e | we had been dependent on |
| voi | eravate dipesi/e | you (pl.) had been dependent on |
| loro | erano dipesi/e | they had been dependent on |
Conditional perfect (Condizionale passato) Regular
The condizionale passato is for unreal or missed past results and often appears with se + trapassato prossimo in the protasis.
Avrei accettato, se mi avessero avvisato in tempo.
| Pronoun | Italian |
|---|---|
| io | sarei dipeso/a |
| tu | saresti dipeso/a |
| lui/lei | sarebbe dipeso/a |
| noi | saremmo dipesi/e |
| voi | sareste dipesi/e |
| loro | sarebbero dipesi/e |
Future perfect (Futuro anteriore) Regular
The futuro anteriore says something will already be over before a still-later future, or, like the French, can express a logical guess about a past result.
Entro le cinque, avrà già lasciato l'ufficio.
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | sarò dipeso/a | I will have been dependent on |
| tu | sarai dipeso/a | you will have been dependent on |
| lui/lei | sarà dipeso/a | he/she/it will have been dependent on |
| noi | saremo dipesi/e | we will have been dependent on |
| voi | sarete dipesi/e | you (pl.) will have been dependent on |
| loro | saranno dipesi/e | they will have been dependent on |
Subjunctive
Present subjunctive (Congiuntivo presente) Regular
The congiuntivo presente is required after many verbs and fixed phrases of will, fear, purpose, and doubt. Impersonal and semi-impersonal triggers (è importante che) also force the subjunctive mood.
Penso che sia la scelta giusta.
| Pronoun | Italian |
|---|---|
| io | dipenda |
| tu | dipenda |
| lui/lei | dipenda |
| noi | dipendiamo |
| voi | dipendiate |
| loro | dipendano |
Imperfect subjunctive (Congiuntivo imperfetto) Regular
The congiuntivo imperfetto is the past of the congiuntivo system after a past matrix clause and in se + congi. imperf. → condizionale with unreal conditions.
Se avessi più tempo, viaggerei ogni mese.
| Pronoun | Italian |
|---|---|
| io | dipendessi |
| tu | dipendessi |
| lui/lei | dipendesse |
| noi | dipendessimo |
| voi | dipendeste |
| loro | dipendessero |
Other forms
Imperative (affirmative) (Imperativo) Regular
The affirmative imperativo reuses the tu form as 3sg for -are verbs, while other conjugations use the normal tu present. It is the direct command register.
Raccontami com'è andata l'esame.
| Pronoun | Italian |
|---|---|
| tu | dipendi |
| lui/lei | dipenda |
| noi | dipendiamo |
| voi | dipendete |
| loro | dipendano |
Imperative (negative) (Imperativo negativo) Regular
Negative commands use non + full infinitive in modern Italian, which is a distinctive rule compared to other Romance languages. Polite or indirect “please don’t” can still soften the tone in context.
Non aprire quella finestra, per favore.
| Pronoun | Italian |
|---|---|
| tu | non dipendere |
| lui/lei | non dipenda |
| noi | non dipendiamo |
| voi | non dipendete |
| loro | non dipendano |