raffreddare — Italian conjugation
to cool
Indicative
Present (Presente) Regular
The presente covers habits, ongoing situations, and plans about to start — much like English “I study” and “I am studying”. One present tense does both in Italian.
Lavora da casa tre giorni a settimana.
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | raffreddo | I cool |
| tu | raffreddi | you cool |
| lui/lei | raffredda | he/she/it cools |
| noi | raffreddiamo | we cool |
| voi | raffreddate | you (pl.) cool |
| loro | raffreddano | they cool |
Simple past (Passato remoto) Regular
The passato remoto tells a completed, narrative past, especially in the south and in literature. The passato prossimo is the normal spoken past in the north, so you choose register and region, not a difference in time alone.
Quella sera arrivò tardi, senza alibi.
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | raffreddai | I cooled |
| tu | raffreddasti | you cooled |
| lui/lei | raffreddò | he/she/it cooled |
| noi | raffreddammo | we cooled |
| voi | raffreddaste | you (pl.) cooled |
| loro | raffreddarono | they cooled |
Imperfect (Imperfetto) Regular
The imperfetto is for incomplete past actions, context, and repeated or habitual situations without a clear end. The passato prossimo, not the remoto, is its usual “event” partner in speech.
Da bambina passavo le estati al mare.
| Pronoun | Italian |
|---|---|
| io | raffreddavo |
| tu | raffreddavi |
| lui/lei | raffreddava |
| noi | raffreddavamo |
| voi | raffreddavate |
| loro | raffreddavano |
Conditional (Condizionale) Regular
The condizionale is for polite “would you…”, first-condition hypotheticals, and reported future from a past point of view. The classic if-chain is se + imperfetto → condizionale.
Potresti alzare un poco la voce?
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | raffredderei | I would cool |
| tu | raffredderesti | you would cool |
| lui/lei | raffredderebbe | he/she/it would cool |
| noi | raffredderemmo | we would cool |
| voi | raffreddereste | you (pl.) would cool |
| loro | raffredderebbero | they would cool |
Future (Futuro semplice) Regular
The futuro semplice is for predictions and far decisions. In speech you often hear the present (with a time adverb) or a paraphrase, and a famous trick is the futuro di probabilità for a present guess: saranno le tre.
Domani partiremo all'alba.
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | raffredderò | I will cool |
| tu | raffredderai | you will cool |
| lui/lei | raffredderà | he/she/it will cool |
| noi | raffredderemo | we will cool |
| voi | raffredderete | you (pl.) will cool |
| loro | raffredderanno | they will cool |
Present perfect (Passato prossimo) Regular
The passato prossimo is the workhorse preterit-like past in the north and in everyday Italian: avere/essere + participle, essere for reflexives, motion, and other change-of-state patterns.
Siamo andati a piedi, poi abbiamo preso l'autobus.
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | ho raffreddato | I have cooled |
| tu | hai raffreddato | you have cooled |
| lui/lei | ha raffreddato | he/she/it has cooled |
| noi | abbiamo raffreddato | we have cooled |
| voi | avete raffreddato | you (pl.) have cooled |
| loro | hanno raffreddato | they have cooled |
Pluperfect (Trapassato prossimo) Regular
The trapassato prossimo is “further in the past than another past” — the Italian pluperfect. It pairs with a main past clause to mark sequence.
Avevamo già mangiato quando suonò il telefono.
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | avevo raffreddato | I had cooled |
| tu | avevi raffreddato | you had cooled |
| lui/lei | aveva raffreddato | he/she/it had cooled |
| noi | avevamo raffreddato | we had cooled |
| voi | avevate raffreddato | you (pl.) had cooled |
| loro | avevano raffreddato | they had cooled |
Conditional perfect (Condizionale passato) Regular
The condizionale passato is for unreal or missed past results and often appears with se + trapassato prossimo in the protasis.
Avrei accettato, se mi avessero avvisato in tempo.
| Pronoun | Italian |
|---|---|
| io | avrei raffreddato |
| tu | avresti raffreddato |
| lui/lei | avrebbe raffreddato |
| noi | avremmo raffreddato |
| voi | avreste raffreddato |
| loro | avrebbero raffreddato |
Future perfect (Futuro anteriore) Regular
The futuro anteriore says something will already be over before a still-later future, or, like the French, can express a logical guess about a past result.
Entro le cinque, avrà già lasciato l'ufficio.
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | avrò raffreddato | I will have cooled |
| tu | avrai raffreddato | you will have cooled |
| lui/lei | avrà raffreddato | he/she/it will have cooled |
| noi | avremo raffreddato | we will have cooled |
| voi | avrete raffreddato | you (pl.) will have cooled |
| loro | avranno raffreddato | they will have cooled |
Subjunctive
Present subjunctive (Congiuntivo presente) Regular
The congiuntivo presente is required after many verbs and fixed phrases of will, fear, purpose, and doubt. Impersonal and semi-impersonal triggers (è importante che) also force the subjunctive mood.
Penso che sia la scelta giusta.
| Pronoun | Italian |
|---|---|
| io | raffreddi |
| tu | raffreddi |
| lui/lei | raffreddi |
| noi | raffreddiamo |
| voi | raffreddiate |
| loro | raffreddino |
Imperfect subjunctive (Congiuntivo imperfetto) Regular
The congiuntivo imperfetto is the past of the congiuntivo system after a past matrix clause and in se + congi. imperf. → condizionale with unreal conditions.
Se avessi più tempo, viaggerei ogni mese.
| Pronoun | Italian |
|---|---|
| io | raffreddassi |
| tu | raffreddassi |
| lui/lei | raffreddasse |
| noi | raffreddassimo |
| voi | raffreddaste |
| loro | raffreddassero |
Other forms
Imperative (affirmative) (Imperativo) Regular
The affirmative imperativo reuses the tu form as 3sg for -are verbs, while other conjugations use the normal tu present. It is the direct command register.
Raccontami com'è andata l'esame.
| Pronoun | Italian |
|---|---|
| tu | raffredda |
| lui/lei | raffreddi |
| noi | raffreddiamo |
| voi | raffreddate |
| loro | raffreddino |
Imperative (negative) (Imperativo negativo) Regular
Negative commands use non + full infinitive in modern Italian, which is a distinctive rule compared to other Romance languages. Polite or indirect “please don’t” can still soften the tone in context.
Non aprire quella finestra, per favore.
| Pronoun | Italian |
|---|---|
| tu | non raffreddare |
| lui/lei | non raffreddi |
| noi | non raffreddiamo |
| voi | non raffreddate |
| loro | non raffreddino |