rendere — Italian conjugation
to render
Indicative
Present (Presente) Regular
The presente covers habits, ongoing situations, and plans about to start — much like English “I study” and “I am studying”. One present tense does both in Italian.
Lavora da casa tre giorni a settimana.
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | rendo | I render |
| tu | rendi | you render |
| lui/lei | rende | he/she/it renders |
| noi | rendiamo | we render |
| voi | rendete | you (pl.) render |
| loro | rendono | they render |
Simple past (Passato remoto) Irregular
The passato remoto tells a completed, narrative past, especially in the south and in literature. The passato prossimo is the normal spoken past in the north, so you choose register and region, not a difference in time alone.
Quella sera arrivò tardi, senza alibi.
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | resi | I rendered |
| tu | rendesti | you rendered |
| lui/lei | rese | he/she/it rendered |
| noi | rendemmo | we rendered |
| voi | rendeste | you (pl.) rendered |
| loro | resero | they rendered |
Imperfect (Imperfetto) Regular
The imperfetto is for incomplete past actions, context, and repeated or habitual situations without a clear end. The passato prossimo, not the remoto, is its usual “event” partner in speech.
Da bambina passavo le estati al mare.
| Pronoun | Italian |
|---|---|
| io | rendevo |
| tu | rendevi |
| lui/lei | rendeva |
| noi | rendevamo |
| voi | rendevate |
| loro | rendevano |
Conditional (Condizionale) Regular
The condizionale is for polite “would you…”, first-condition hypotheticals, and reported future from a past point of view. The classic if-chain is se + imperfetto → condizionale.
Potresti alzare un poco la voce?
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | renderei | I would render |
| tu | renderesti | you would render |
| lui/lei | renderebbe | he/she/it would render |
| noi | renderemmo | we would render |
| voi | rendereste | you (pl.) would render |
| loro | renderebbero | they would render |
Future (Futuro semplice) Regular
The futuro semplice is for predictions and far decisions. In speech you often hear the present (with a time adverb) or a paraphrase, and a famous trick is the futuro di probabilità for a present guess: saranno le tre.
Domani partiremo all'alba.
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | renderò | I will render |
| tu | renderai | you will render |
| lui/lei | renderà | he/she/it will render |
| noi | renderemo | we will render |
| voi | renderete | you (pl.) will render |
| loro | renderanno | they will render |
Present perfect (Passato prossimo) Regular
The passato prossimo is the workhorse preterit-like past in the north and in everyday Italian: avere/essere + participle, essere for reflexives, motion, and other change-of-state patterns.
Siamo andati a piedi, poi abbiamo preso l'autobus.
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | ho reso | I have rendered |
| tu | hai reso | you have rendered |
| lui/lei | ha reso | he/she/it has rendered |
| noi | abbiamo reso | we have rendered |
| voi | avete reso | you (pl.) have rendered |
| loro | hanno reso | they have rendered |
Pluperfect (Trapassato prossimo) Regular
The trapassato prossimo is “further in the past than another past” — the Italian pluperfect. It pairs with a main past clause to mark sequence.
Avevamo già mangiato quando suonò il telefono.
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | avevo reso | I had rendered |
| tu | avevi reso | you had rendered |
| lui/lei | aveva reso | he/she/it had rendered |
| noi | avevamo reso | we had rendered |
| voi | avevate reso | you (pl.) had rendered |
| loro | avevano reso | they had rendered |
Conditional perfect (Condizionale passato) Regular
The condizionale passato is for unreal or missed past results and often appears with se + trapassato prossimo in the protasis.
Avrei accettato, se mi avessero avvisato in tempo.
| Pronoun | Italian |
|---|---|
| io | avrei reso |
| tu | avresti reso |
| lui/lei | avrebbe reso |
| noi | avremmo reso |
| voi | avreste reso |
| loro | avrebbero reso |
Future perfect (Futuro anteriore) Regular
The futuro anteriore says something will already be over before a still-later future, or, like the French, can express a logical guess about a past result.
Entro le cinque, avrà già lasciato l'ufficio.
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | avrò reso | I will have rendered |
| tu | avrai reso | you will have rendered |
| lui/lei | avrà reso | he/she/it will have rendered |
| noi | avremo reso | we will have rendered |
| voi | avrete reso | you (pl.) will have rendered |
| loro | avranno reso | they will have rendered |
Subjunctive
Present subjunctive (Congiuntivo presente) Regular
The congiuntivo presente is required after many verbs and fixed phrases of will, fear, purpose, and doubt. Impersonal and semi-impersonal triggers (è importante che) also force the subjunctive mood.
Penso che sia la scelta giusta.
| Pronoun | Italian |
|---|---|
| io | renda |
| tu | renda |
| lui/lei | renda |
| noi | rendiamo |
| voi | rendiate |
| loro | rendano |
Imperfect subjunctive (Congiuntivo imperfetto) Regular
The congiuntivo imperfetto is the past of the congiuntivo system after a past matrix clause and in se + congi. imperf. → condizionale with unreal conditions.
Se avessi più tempo, viaggerei ogni mese.
| Pronoun | Italian |
|---|---|
| io | rendessi |
| tu | rendessi |
| lui/lei | rendesse |
| noi | rendessimo |
| voi | rendeste |
| loro | rendessero |
Other forms
Imperative (affirmative) (Imperativo) Regular
The affirmative imperativo reuses the tu form as 3sg for -are verbs, while other conjugations use the normal tu present. It is the direct command register.
Raccontami com'è andata l'esame.
| Pronoun | Italian |
|---|---|
| tu | rendi |
| lui/lei | renda |
| noi | rendiamo |
| voi | rendete |
| loro | rendano |
Imperative (negative) (Imperativo negativo) Regular
Negative commands use non + full infinitive in modern Italian, which is a distinctive rule compared to other Romance languages. Polite or indirect “please don’t” can still soften the tone in context.
Non aprire quella finestra, per favore.
| Pronoun | Italian |
|---|---|
| tu | non rendere |
| lui/lei | non renda |
| noi | non rendiamo |
| voi | non rendete |
| loro | non rendano |