rovinare — Italian conjugation
to ruin
Indicative
Present (Presente) Regular
The presente covers habits, ongoing situations, and plans about to start — much like English “I study” and “I am studying”. One present tense does both in Italian.
Lavora da casa tre giorni a settimana.
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | rovino | I ruin |
| tu | rovini | you ruin |
| lui/lei | rovina | he/she/it ruins |
| noi | roviniamo | we ruin |
| voi | rovinate | you (pl.) ruin |
| loro | rovinano | they ruin |
Simple past (Passato remoto) Regular
The passato remoto tells a completed, narrative past, especially in the south and in literature. The passato prossimo is the normal spoken past in the north, so you choose register and region, not a difference in time alone.
Quella sera arrivò tardi, senza alibi.
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | rovinai | I ruined |
| tu | rovinasti | you ruined |
| lui/lei | rovinò | he/she/it ruined |
| noi | rovinammo | we ruined |
| voi | rovinaste | you (pl.) ruined |
| loro | rovinarono | they ruined |
Imperfect (Imperfetto) Regular
The imperfetto is for incomplete past actions, context, and repeated or habitual situations without a clear end. The passato prossimo, not the remoto, is its usual “event” partner in speech.
Da bambina passavo le estati al mare.
| Pronoun | Italian |
|---|---|
| io | rovinavo |
| tu | rovinavi |
| lui/lei | rovinava |
| noi | rovinavamo |
| voi | rovinavate |
| loro | rovinavano |
Conditional (Condizionale) Regular
The condizionale is for polite “would you…”, first-condition hypotheticals, and reported future from a past point of view. The classic if-chain is se + imperfetto → condizionale.
Potresti alzare un poco la voce?
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | rovinerei | I would ruin |
| tu | rovineresti | you would ruin |
| lui/lei | rovinerebbe | he/she/it would ruin |
| noi | rovineremmo | we would ruin |
| voi | rovinereste | you (pl.) would ruin |
| loro | rovinerebbero | they would ruin |
Future (Futuro semplice) Regular
The futuro semplice is for predictions and far decisions. In speech you often hear the present (with a time adverb) or a paraphrase, and a famous trick is the futuro di probabilità for a present guess: saranno le tre.
Domani partiremo all'alba.
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | rovinerò | I will ruin |
| tu | rovinerai | you will ruin |
| lui/lei | rovinerà | he/she/it will ruin |
| noi | rovineremo | we will ruin |
| voi | rovinerete | you (pl.) will ruin |
| loro | rovineranno | they will ruin |
Present perfect (Passato prossimo) Regular
The passato prossimo is the workhorse preterit-like past in the north and in everyday Italian: avere/essere + participle, essere for reflexives, motion, and other change-of-state patterns.
Siamo andati a piedi, poi abbiamo preso l'autobus.
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | ho rovinato | I have ruined |
| tu | hai rovinato | you have ruined |
| lui/lei | ha rovinato | he/she/it has ruined |
| noi | abbiamo rovinato | we have ruined |
| voi | avete rovinato | you (pl.) have ruined |
| loro | hanno rovinato | they have ruined |
Pluperfect (Trapassato prossimo) Regular
The trapassato prossimo is “further in the past than another past” — the Italian pluperfect. It pairs with a main past clause to mark sequence.
Avevamo già mangiato quando suonò il telefono.
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | avevo rovinato | I had ruined |
| tu | avevi rovinato | you had ruined |
| lui/lei | aveva rovinato | he/she/it had ruined |
| noi | avevamo rovinato | we had ruined |
| voi | avevate rovinato | you (pl.) had ruined |
| loro | avevano rovinato | they had ruined |
Conditional perfect (Condizionale passato) Regular
The condizionale passato is for unreal or missed past results and often appears with se + trapassato prossimo in the protasis.
Avrei accettato, se mi avessero avvisato in tempo.
| Pronoun | Italian |
|---|---|
| io | avrei rovinato |
| tu | avresti rovinato |
| lui/lei | avrebbe rovinato |
| noi | avremmo rovinato |
| voi | avreste rovinato |
| loro | avrebbero rovinato |
Future perfect (Futuro anteriore) Regular
The futuro anteriore says something will already be over before a still-later future, or, like the French, can express a logical guess about a past result.
Entro le cinque, avrà già lasciato l'ufficio.
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | avrò rovinato | I will have ruined |
| tu | avrai rovinato | you will have ruined |
| lui/lei | avrà rovinato | he/she/it will have ruined |
| noi | avremo rovinato | we will have ruined |
| voi | avrete rovinato | you (pl.) will have ruined |
| loro | avranno rovinato | they will have ruined |
Subjunctive
Present subjunctive (Congiuntivo presente) Regular
The congiuntivo presente is required after many verbs and fixed phrases of will, fear, purpose, and doubt. Impersonal and semi-impersonal triggers (è importante che) also force the subjunctive mood.
Penso che sia la scelta giusta.
| Pronoun | Italian |
|---|---|
| io | rovini |
| tu | rovini |
| lui/lei | rovini |
| noi | roviniamo |
| voi | roviniate |
| loro | rovinino |
Imperfect subjunctive (Congiuntivo imperfetto) Regular
The congiuntivo imperfetto is the past of the congiuntivo system after a past matrix clause and in se + congi. imperf. → condizionale with unreal conditions.
Se avessi più tempo, viaggerei ogni mese.
| Pronoun | Italian |
|---|---|
| io | rovinassi |
| tu | rovinassi |
| lui/lei | rovinasse |
| noi | rovinassimo |
| voi | rovinaste |
| loro | rovinassero |
Other forms
Imperative (affirmative) (Imperativo) Regular
The affirmative imperativo reuses the tu form as 3sg for -are verbs, while other conjugations use the normal tu present. It is the direct command register.
Raccontami com'è andata l'esame.
| Pronoun | Italian |
|---|---|
| tu | rovina |
| lui/lei | rovini |
| noi | roviniamo |
| voi | rovinate |
| loro | rovinino |
Imperative (negative) (Imperativo negativo) Regular
Negative commands use non + full infinitive in modern Italian, which is a distinctive rule compared to other Romance languages. Polite or indirect “please don’t” can still soften the tone in context.
Non aprire quella finestra, per favore.
| Pronoun | Italian |
|---|---|
| tu | non rovinare |
| lui/lei | non rovini |
| noi | non roviniamo |
| voi | non rovinate |
| loro | non rovinino |