udire — Italian conjugation
to hear
Indicative
Present (Presente) Irregular
The presente covers habits, ongoing situations, and plans about to start — much like English “I study” and “I am studying”. One present tense does both in Italian.
Lavora da casa tre giorni a settimana.
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | odo | I hear |
| tu | odi | you hear |
| lui/lei | ode | he/she/it hears |
| noi | udiamo | we hear |
| voi | udite | you (pl.) hear |
| loro | odono | they hear |
Simple past (Passato remoto) Regular
The passato remoto tells a completed, narrative past, especially in the south and in literature. The passato prossimo is the normal spoken past in the north, so you choose register and region, not a difference in time alone.
Quella sera arrivò tardi, senza alibi.
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | udii | I heard |
| tu | udisti | you heard |
| lui/lei | udì | he/she/it heard |
| noi | udimmo | we heard |
| voi | udiste | you (pl.) heard |
| loro | udirono | they heard |
Imperfect (Imperfetto) Regular
The imperfetto is for incomplete past actions, context, and repeated or habitual situations without a clear end. The passato prossimo, not the remoto, is its usual “event” partner in speech.
Da bambina passavo le estati al mare.
| Pronoun | Italian |
|---|---|
| io | udivo |
| tu | udivi |
| lui/lei | udiva |
| noi | udivamo |
| voi | udivate |
| loro | udivano |
Conditional (Condizionale) Regular
The condizionale is for polite “would you…”, first-condition hypotheticals, and reported future from a past point of view. The classic if-chain is se + imperfetto → condizionale.
Potresti alzare un poco la voce?
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | udirei | I would hear |
| tu | udiresti | you would hear |
| lui/lei | udirebbe | he/she/it would hear |
| noi | udiremmo | we would hear |
| voi | udireste | you (pl.) would hear |
| loro | udirebbero | they would hear |
Future (Futuro semplice) Irregular
The futuro semplice is for predictions and far decisions. In speech you often hear the present (with a time adverb) or a paraphrase, and a famous trick is the futuro di probabilità for a present guess: saranno le tre.
Domani partiremo all'alba.
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | udirò | I will hear |
| tu | udirai | you will hear |
| lui/lei | udirà | he/she/it will hear |
| noi | udiremo | we will hear |
| voi | udirete | you (pl.) will hear |
| loro | udiranno | they will hear |
Present perfect (Passato prossimo) Regular
The passato prossimo is the workhorse preterit-like past in the north and in everyday Italian: avere/essere + participle, essere for reflexives, motion, and other change-of-state patterns.
Siamo andati a piedi, poi abbiamo preso l'autobus.
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | ho udito | I have heard |
| tu | hai udito | you have heard |
| lui/lei | ha udito | he/she/it has heard |
| noi | abbiamo udito | we have heard |
| voi | avete udito | you (pl.) have heard |
| loro | hanno udito | they have heard |
Pluperfect (Trapassato prossimo) Regular
The trapassato prossimo is “further in the past than another past” — the Italian pluperfect. It pairs with a main past clause to mark sequence.
Avevamo già mangiato quando suonò il telefono.
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | avevo udito | I had heard |
| tu | avevi udito | you had heard |
| lui/lei | aveva udito | he/she/it had heard |
| noi | avevamo udito | we had heard |
| voi | avevate udito | you (pl.) had heard |
| loro | avevano udito | they had heard |
Conditional perfect (Condizionale passato) Regular
The condizionale passato is for unreal or missed past results and often appears with se + trapassato prossimo in the protasis.
Avrei accettato, se mi avessero avvisato in tempo.
| Pronoun | Italian |
|---|---|
| io | avrei udito |
| tu | avresti udito |
| lui/lei | avrebbe udito |
| noi | avremmo udito |
| voi | avreste udito |
| loro | avrebbero udito |
Future perfect (Futuro anteriore) Regular
The futuro anteriore says something will already be over before a still-later future, or, like the French, can express a logical guess about a past result.
Entro le cinque, avrà già lasciato l'ufficio.
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | avrò udito | I will have heard |
| tu | avrai udito | you will have heard |
| lui/lei | avrà udito | he/she/it will have heard |
| noi | avremo udito | we will have heard |
| voi | avrete udito | you (pl.) will have heard |
| loro | avranno udito | they will have heard |
Subjunctive
Present subjunctive (Congiuntivo presente) Irregular
The congiuntivo presente is required after many verbs and fixed phrases of will, fear, purpose, and doubt. Impersonal and semi-impersonal triggers (è importante che) also force the subjunctive mood.
Penso che sia la scelta giusta.
| Pronoun | Italian |
|---|---|
| io | oda |
| tu | oda |
| lui/lei | oda |
| noi | udiamo |
| voi | udiate |
| loro | odano |
Imperfect subjunctive (Congiuntivo imperfetto) Regular
The congiuntivo imperfetto is the past of the congiuntivo system after a past matrix clause and in se + congi. imperf. → condizionale with unreal conditions.
Se avessi più tempo, viaggerei ogni mese.
| Pronoun | Italian |
|---|---|
| io | udissi |
| tu | udissi |
| lui/lei | udisse |
| noi | udissimo |
| voi | udiste |
| loro | udissero |
Other forms
Imperative (affirmative) (Imperativo) Irregular
The affirmative imperativo reuses the tu form as 3sg for -are verbs, while other conjugations use the normal tu present. It is the direct command register.
Raccontami com'è andata l'esame.
| Pronoun | Italian |
|---|---|
| tu | odi |
| lui/lei | oda |
| noi | udiamo |
| voi | udite |
| loro | odano |
Imperative (negative) (Imperativo negativo) Irregular
Negative commands use non + full infinitive in modern Italian, which is a distinctive rule compared to other Romance languages. Polite or indirect “please don’t” can still soften the tone in context.
Non aprire quella finestra, per favore.
| Pronoun | Italian |
|---|---|
| tu | non udire |
| lui/lei | non oda |
| noi | non udiamo |
| voi | non udite |
| loro | non odano |