spegnere — Italian conjugation
to turn off
Indicative
Present (Presente) Regular
The presente covers habits, ongoing situations, and plans about to start — much like English “I study” and “I am studying”. One present tense does both in Italian.
Lavora da casa tre giorni a settimana.
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | spengo | I turn off |
| tu | spegni | you turn off |
| lui/lei | spegne | he/she/it turns off |
| noi | spegniamo | we turn off |
| voi | spegnete | you (pl.) turn off |
| loro | spengono | they turn off |
Simple past (Passato remoto) Regular
The passato remoto tells a completed, narrative past, especially in the south and in literature. The passato prossimo is the normal spoken past in the north, so you choose register and region, not a difference in time alone.
Quella sera arrivò tardi, senza alibi.
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | spensi | I turned off |
| tu | spegnesti | you turned off |
| lui/lei | spense | he/she/it turned off |
| noi | spegnemmo | we turned off |
| voi | spegneste | you (pl.) turned off |
| loro | spensero | they turned off |
Imperfect (Imperfetto) Regular
The imperfetto is for incomplete past actions, context, and repeated or habitual situations without a clear end. The passato prossimo, not the remoto, is its usual “event” partner in speech.
Da bambina passavo le estati al mare.
| Pronoun | Italian |
|---|---|
| io | spegnevo |
| tu | spegnevi |
| lui/lei | spegneva |
| noi | spegnevamo |
| voi | spegnevate |
| loro | spegnevano |
Conditional (Condizionale) Regular
The condizionale is for polite “would you…”, first-condition hypotheticals, and reported future from a past point of view. The classic if-chain is se + imperfetto → condizionale.
Potresti alzare un poco la voce?
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | spegnerei | I would turn off |
| tu | spegneresti | you would turn off |
| lui/lei | spegnerebbe | he/she/it would turn off |
| noi | spegneremmo | we would turn off |
| voi | spegnereste | you (pl.) would turn off |
| loro | spegnerebbero | they would turn off |
Future (Futuro semplice) Regular
The futuro semplice is for predictions and far decisions. In speech you often hear the present (with a time adverb) or a paraphrase, and a famous trick is the futuro di probabilità for a present guess: saranno le tre.
Domani partiremo all'alba.
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | spegnerò | I will turn off |
| tu | spegnerai | you will turn off |
| lui/lei | spegnerà | he/she/it will turn off |
| noi | spegneremo | we will turn off |
| voi | spegnerete | you (pl.) will turn off |
| loro | spegneranno | they will turn off |
Present perfect (Passato prossimo) Regular
The passato prossimo is the workhorse preterit-like past in the north and in everyday Italian: avere/essere + participle, essere for reflexives, motion, and other change-of-state patterns.
Siamo andati a piedi, poi abbiamo preso l'autobus.
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | ho spento | I have turned off |
| tu | hai spento | you have turned off |
| lui/lei | ha spento | he/she/it has turned off |
| noi | abbiamo spento | we have turned off |
| voi | avete spento | you (pl.) have turned off |
| loro | hanno spento | they have turned off |
Pluperfect (Trapassato prossimo) Regular
The trapassato prossimo is “further in the past than another past” — the Italian pluperfect. It pairs with a main past clause to mark sequence.
Avevamo già mangiato quando suonò il telefono.
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | avevo spento | I had turned off |
| tu | avevi spento | you had turned off |
| lui/lei | aveva spento | he/she/it had turned off |
| noi | avevamo spento | we had turned off |
| voi | avevate spento | you (pl.) had turned off |
| loro | avevano spento | they had turned off |
Conditional perfect (Condizionale passato) Regular
The condizionale passato is for unreal or missed past results and often appears with se + trapassato prossimo in the protasis.
Avrei accettato, se mi avessero avvisato in tempo.
| Pronoun | Italian |
|---|---|
| io | avrei spento |
| tu | avresti spento |
| lui/lei | avrebbe spento |
| noi | avremmo spento |
| voi | avreste spento |
| loro | avrebbero spento |
Future perfect (Futuro anteriore) Regular
The futuro anteriore says something will already be over before a still-later future, or, like the French, can express a logical guess about a past result.
Entro le cinque, avrà già lasciato l'ufficio.
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | avrò spento | I will have turned off |
| tu | avrai spento | you will have turned off |
| lui/lei | avrà spento | he/she/it will have turned off |
| noi | avremo spento | we will have turned off |
| voi | avrete spento | you (pl.) will have turned off |
| loro | avranno spento | they will have turned off |
Subjunctive
Present subjunctive (Congiuntivo presente) Regular
The congiuntivo presente is required after many verbs and fixed phrases of will, fear, purpose, and doubt. Impersonal and semi-impersonal triggers (è importante che) also force the subjunctive mood.
Penso che sia la scelta giusta.
| Pronoun | Italian |
|---|---|
| io | spenga |
| tu | spenga |
| lui/lei | spenga |
| noi | spegniamo |
| voi | spegniate |
| loro | spengano |
Imperfect subjunctive (Congiuntivo imperfetto) Regular
The congiuntivo imperfetto is the past of the congiuntivo system after a past matrix clause and in se + congi. imperf. → condizionale with unreal conditions.
Se avessi più tempo, viaggerei ogni mese.
| Pronoun | Italian |
|---|---|
| io | spegnessi |
| tu | spegnessi |
| lui/lei | spegnesse |
| noi | spegnessimo |
| voi | spegneste |
| loro | spegnessero |
Other forms
Imperative (affirmative) (Imperativo) Regular
The affirmative imperativo reuses the tu form as 3sg for -are verbs, while other conjugations use the normal tu present. It is the direct command register.
Raccontami com'è andata l'esame.
| Pronoun | Italian |
|---|---|
| tu | spegni |
| lui/lei | spenga |
| noi | spegniamo |
| voi | spegnete |
| loro | spengano |
Imperative (negative) (Imperativo negativo) Regular
Negative commands use non + full infinitive in modern Italian, which is a distinctive rule compared to other Romance languages. Polite or indirect “please don’t” can still soften the tone in context.
Non aprire quella finestra, per favore.
| Pronoun | Italian |
|---|---|
| tu | non spegnere |
| lui/lei | non spenga |
| noi | non spegniamo |
| voi | non spegnete |
| loro | non spengano |