spendere — Italian conjugation
to spend
Indicative
Present (Presente) Regular
The presente covers habits, ongoing situations, and plans about to start — much like English “I study” and “I am studying”. One present tense does both in Italian.
Lavora da casa tre giorni a settimana.
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | spendo | I spend |
| tu | spendi | you spend |
| lui/lei | spende | he/she/it spends |
| noi | spendiamo | we spend |
| voi | spendete | you (pl.) spend |
| loro | spendono | they spend |
Simple past (Passato remoto) Irregular
The passato remoto tells a completed, narrative past, especially in the south and in literature. The passato prossimo is the normal spoken past in the north, so you choose register and region, not a difference in time alone.
Quella sera arrivò tardi, senza alibi.
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | spesi | I spent |
| tu | spendesti | you spent |
| lui/lei | spese | he/she/it spent |
| noi | spendemmo | we spent |
| voi | spendeste | you (pl.) spent |
| loro | spesero | they spent |
Imperfect (Imperfetto) Regular
The imperfetto is for incomplete past actions, context, and repeated or habitual situations without a clear end. The passato prossimo, not the remoto, is its usual “event” partner in speech.
Da bambina passavo le estati al mare.
| Pronoun | Italian |
|---|---|
| io | spendevo |
| tu | spendevi |
| lui/lei | spendeva |
| noi | spendevamo |
| voi | spendevate |
| loro | spendevano |
Conditional (Condizionale) Regular
The condizionale is for polite “would you…”, first-condition hypotheticals, and reported future from a past point of view. The classic if-chain is se + imperfetto → condizionale.
Potresti alzare un poco la voce?
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | spenderei | I would spend |
| tu | spenderesti | you would spend |
| lui/lei | spenderebbe | he/she/it would spend |
| noi | spenderemmo | we would spend |
| voi | spendereste | you (pl.) would spend |
| loro | spenderebbero | they would spend |
Future (Futuro semplice) Regular
The futuro semplice is for predictions and far decisions. In speech you often hear the present (with a time adverb) or a paraphrase, and a famous trick is the futuro di probabilità for a present guess: saranno le tre.
Domani partiremo all'alba.
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | spenderò | I will spend |
| tu | spenderai | you will spend |
| lui/lei | spenderà | he/she/it will spend |
| noi | spenderemo | we will spend |
| voi | spenderete | you (pl.) will spend |
| loro | spenderanno | they will spend |
Present perfect (Passato prossimo) Regular
The passato prossimo is the workhorse preterit-like past in the north and in everyday Italian: avere/essere + participle, essere for reflexives, motion, and other change-of-state patterns.
Siamo andati a piedi, poi abbiamo preso l'autobus.
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | ho speso | I have spent |
| tu | hai speso | you have spent |
| lui/lei | ha speso | he/she/it has spent |
| noi | abbiamo speso | we have spent |
| voi | avete speso | you (pl.) have spent |
| loro | hanno speso | they have spent |
Pluperfect (Trapassato prossimo) Regular
The trapassato prossimo is “further in the past than another past” — the Italian pluperfect. It pairs with a main past clause to mark sequence.
Avevamo già mangiato quando suonò il telefono.
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | avevo speso | I had spent |
| tu | avevi speso | you had spent |
| lui/lei | aveva speso | he/she/it had spent |
| noi | avevamo speso | we had spent |
| voi | avevate speso | you (pl.) had spent |
| loro | avevano speso | they had spent |
Conditional perfect (Condizionale passato) Regular
The condizionale passato is for unreal or missed past results and often appears with se + trapassato prossimo in the protasis.
Avrei accettato, se mi avessero avvisato in tempo.
| Pronoun | Italian |
|---|---|
| io | avrei speso |
| tu | avresti speso |
| lui/lei | avrebbe speso |
| noi | avremmo speso |
| voi | avreste speso |
| loro | avrebbero speso |
Future perfect (Futuro anteriore) Regular
The futuro anteriore says something will already be over before a still-later future, or, like the French, can express a logical guess about a past result.
Entro le cinque, avrà già lasciato l'ufficio.
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | avrò speso | I will have spent |
| tu | avrai speso | you will have spent |
| lui/lei | avrà speso | he/she/it will have spent |
| noi | avremo speso | we will have spent |
| voi | avrete speso | you (pl.) will have spent |
| loro | avranno speso | they will have spent |
Subjunctive
Present subjunctive (Congiuntivo presente) Regular
The congiuntivo presente is required after many verbs and fixed phrases of will, fear, purpose, and doubt. Impersonal and semi-impersonal triggers (è importante che) also force the subjunctive mood.
Penso che sia la scelta giusta.
| Pronoun | Italian |
|---|---|
| io | spenda |
| tu | spenda |
| lui/lei | spenda |
| noi | spendiamo |
| voi | spendiate |
| loro | spendano |
Imperfect subjunctive (Congiuntivo imperfetto) Regular
The congiuntivo imperfetto is the past of the congiuntivo system after a past matrix clause and in se + congi. imperf. → condizionale with unreal conditions.
Se avessi più tempo, viaggerei ogni mese.
| Pronoun | Italian |
|---|---|
| io | spendessi |
| tu | spendessi |
| lui/lei | spendesse |
| noi | spendessimo |
| voi | spendeste |
| loro | spendessero |
Other forms
Imperative (affirmative) (Imperativo) Regular
The affirmative imperativo reuses the tu form as 3sg for -are verbs, while other conjugations use the normal tu present. It is the direct command register.
Raccontami com'è andata l'esame.
| Pronoun | Italian |
|---|---|
| tu | spendi |
| lui/lei | spenda |
| noi | spendiamo |
| voi | spendete |
| loro | spendano |
Imperative (negative) (Imperativo negativo) Regular
Negative commands use non + full infinitive in modern Italian, which is a distinctive rule compared to other Romance languages. Polite or indirect “please don’t” can still soften the tone in context.
Non aprire quella finestra, per favore.
| Pronoun | Italian |
|---|---|
| tu | non spendere |
| lui/lei | non spenda |
| noi | non spendiamo |
| voi | non spendete |
| loro | non spendano |