sporgere — Italian conjugation
to lean out
Indicative
Present (Presente) Regular
The presente covers habits, ongoing situations, and plans about to start — much like English “I study” and “I am studying”. One present tense does both in Italian.
Lavora da casa tre giorni a settimana.
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | sporgo | I lean out |
| tu | sporgi | you lean out |
| lui/lei | sporge | he/she/it leans out |
| noi | sporgiamo | we lean out |
| voi | sporgete | you (pl.) lean out |
| loro | sporgono | they lean out |
Simple past (Passato remoto) Regular
The passato remoto tells a completed, narrative past, especially in the south and in literature. The passato prossimo is the normal spoken past in the north, so you choose register and region, not a difference in time alone.
Quella sera arrivò tardi, senza alibi.
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | sporsi | I leaned out |
| tu | sporgesti | you leaned out |
| lui/lei | sporse | he/she/it leaned out |
| noi | sporgemmo | we leaned out |
| voi | sporgeste | you (pl.) leaned out |
| loro | sporsero | they leaned out |
Imperfect (Imperfetto) Regular
The imperfetto is for incomplete past actions, context, and repeated or habitual situations without a clear end. The passato prossimo, not the remoto, is its usual “event” partner in speech.
Da bambina passavo le estati al mare.
| Pronoun | Italian |
|---|---|
| io | sporgevo |
| tu | sporgevi |
| lui/lei | sporgeva |
| noi | sporgevamo |
| voi | sporgevate |
| loro | sporgevano |
Conditional (Condizionale) Regular
The condizionale is for polite “would you…”, first-condition hypotheticals, and reported future from a past point of view. The classic if-chain is se + imperfetto → condizionale.
Potresti alzare un poco la voce?
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | sporgerei | I would lean out |
| tu | sporgeresti | you would lean out |
| lui/lei | sporgerebbe | he/she/it would lean out |
| noi | sporgeremmo | we would lean out |
| voi | sporgereste | you (pl.) would lean out |
| loro | sporgerebbero | they would lean out |
Future (Futuro semplice) Regular
The futuro semplice is for predictions and far decisions. In speech you often hear the present (with a time adverb) or a paraphrase, and a famous trick is the futuro di probabilità for a present guess: saranno le tre.
Domani partiremo all'alba.
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | sporgerò | I will lean out |
| tu | sporgerai | you will lean out |
| lui/lei | sporgerà | he/she/it will lean out |
| noi | sporgeremo | we will lean out |
| voi | sporgerete | you (pl.) will lean out |
| loro | sporgeranno | they will lean out |
Present perfect (Passato prossimo) Regular
The passato prossimo is the workhorse preterit-like past in the north and in everyday Italian: avere/essere + participle, essere for reflexives, motion, and other change-of-state patterns.
Siamo andati a piedi, poi abbiamo preso l'autobus.
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | ho sporto | I have leaned out |
| tu | hai sporto | you have leaned out |
| lui/lei | ha sporto | he/she/it has leaned out |
| noi | abbiamo sporto | we have leaned out |
| voi | avete sporto | you (pl.) have leaned out |
| loro | hanno sporto | they have leaned out |
Pluperfect (Trapassato prossimo) Regular
The trapassato prossimo is “further in the past than another past” — the Italian pluperfect. It pairs with a main past clause to mark sequence.
Avevamo già mangiato quando suonò il telefono.
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | avevo sporto | I had leaned out |
| tu | avevi sporto | you had leaned out |
| lui/lei | aveva sporto | he/she/it had leaned out |
| noi | avevamo sporto | we had leaned out |
| voi | avevate sporto | you (pl.) had leaned out |
| loro | avevano sporto | they had leaned out |
Conditional perfect (Condizionale passato) Regular
The condizionale passato is for unreal or missed past results and often appears with se + trapassato prossimo in the protasis.
Avrei accettato, se mi avessero avvisato in tempo.
| Pronoun | Italian |
|---|---|
| io | avrei sporto |
| tu | avresti sporto |
| lui/lei | avrebbe sporto |
| noi | avremmo sporto |
| voi | avreste sporto |
| loro | avrebbero sporto |
Future perfect (Futuro anteriore) Regular
The futuro anteriore says something will already be over before a still-later future, or, like the French, can express a logical guess about a past result.
Entro le cinque, avrà già lasciato l'ufficio.
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | avrò sporto | I will have leaned out |
| tu | avrai sporto | you will have leaned out |
| lui/lei | avrà sporto | he/she/it will have leaned out |
| noi | avremo sporto | we will have leaned out |
| voi | avrete sporto | you (pl.) will have leaned out |
| loro | avranno sporto | they will have leaned out |
Subjunctive
Present subjunctive (Congiuntivo presente) Regular
The congiuntivo presente is required after many verbs and fixed phrases of will, fear, purpose, and doubt. Impersonal and semi-impersonal triggers (è importante che) also force the subjunctive mood.
Penso che sia la scelta giusta.
| Pronoun | Italian |
|---|---|
| io | sporga |
| tu | sporga |
| lui/lei | sporga |
| noi | sporgiamo |
| voi | sporgiate |
| loro | sporgano |
Imperfect subjunctive (Congiuntivo imperfetto) Regular
The congiuntivo imperfetto is the past of the congiuntivo system after a past matrix clause and in se + congi. imperf. → condizionale with unreal conditions.
Se avessi più tempo, viaggerei ogni mese.
| Pronoun | Italian |
|---|---|
| io | sporgessi |
| tu | sporgessi |
| lui/lei | sporgesse |
| noi | sporgessimo |
| voi | sporgeste |
| loro | sporgessero |
Other forms
Imperative (affirmative) (Imperativo) Regular
The affirmative imperativo reuses the tu form as 3sg for -are verbs, while other conjugations use the normal tu present. It is the direct command register.
Raccontami com'è andata l'esame.
| Pronoun | Italian |
|---|---|
| tu | sporgi |
| lui/lei | sporga |
| noi | sporgiamo |
| voi | sporgete |
| loro | sporgano |
Imperative (negative) (Imperativo negativo) Regular
Negative commands use non + full infinitive in modern Italian, which is a distinctive rule compared to other Romance languages. Polite or indirect “please don’t” can still soften the tone in context.
Non aprire quella finestra, per favore.
| Pronoun | Italian |
|---|---|
| tu | non sporgere |
| lui/lei | non sporga |
| noi | non sporgiamo |
| voi | non sporgete |
| loro | non sporgano |