stimare — Italian conjugation
to estimate, to value, to assess, to calculate
Indicative
Present (Presente) Regular
The presente covers habits, ongoing situations, and plans about to start — much like English “I study” and “I am studying”. One present tense does both in Italian.
Lavora da casa tre giorni a settimana.
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | stimo | I estimate |
| tu | stimi | you estimate |
| lui/lei | stima | he/she/it estimates |
| noi | stimiamo | we estimate |
| voi | stimate | you (pl.) estimate |
| loro | stimano | they estimate |
Simple past (Passato remoto) Regular
The passato remoto tells a completed, narrative past, especially in the south and in literature. The passato prossimo is the normal spoken past in the north, so you choose register and region, not a difference in time alone.
Quella sera arrivò tardi, senza alibi.
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | stimai | I estimated |
| tu | stimasti | you estimated |
| lui/lei | stimò | he/she/it estimated |
| noi | stimammo | we estimated |
| voi | stimaste | you (pl.) estimated |
| loro | stimarono | they estimated |
Imperfect (Imperfetto) Regular
The imperfetto is for incomplete past actions, context, and repeated or habitual situations without a clear end. The passato prossimo, not the remoto, is its usual “event” partner in speech.
Da bambina passavo le estati al mare.
| Pronoun | Italian |
|---|---|
| io | stimavo |
| tu | stimavi |
| lui/lei | stimava |
| noi | stimavamo |
| voi | stimavate |
| loro | stimavano |
Conditional (Condizionale) Regular
The condizionale is for polite “would you…”, first-condition hypotheticals, and reported future from a past point of view. The classic if-chain is se + imperfetto → condizionale.
Potresti alzare un poco la voce?
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | stimerei | I would estimate |
| tu | stimeresti | you would estimate |
| lui/lei | stimerebbe | he/she/it would estimate |
| noi | stimeremmo | we would estimate |
| voi | stimereste | you (pl.) would estimate |
| loro | stimerebbero | they would estimate |
Future (Futuro semplice) Regular
The futuro semplice is for predictions and far decisions. In speech you often hear the present (with a time adverb) or a paraphrase, and a famous trick is the futuro di probabilità for a present guess: saranno le tre.
Domani partiremo all'alba.
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | stimerò | I will estimate |
| tu | stimerai | you will estimate |
| lui/lei | stimerà | he/she/it will estimate |
| noi | stimeremo | we will estimate |
| voi | stimerete | you (pl.) will estimate |
| loro | stimeranno | they will estimate |
Present perfect (Passato prossimo) Regular
The passato prossimo is the workhorse preterit-like past in the north and in everyday Italian: avere/essere + participle, essere for reflexives, motion, and other change-of-state patterns.
Siamo andati a piedi, poi abbiamo preso l'autobus.
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | ho stimato | I have estimated |
| tu | hai stimato | you have estimated |
| lui/lei | ha stimato | he/she/it has estimated |
| noi | abbiamo stimato | we have estimated |
| voi | avete stimato | you (pl.) have estimated |
| loro | hanno stimato | they have estimated |
Pluperfect (Trapassato prossimo) Regular
The trapassato prossimo is “further in the past than another past” — the Italian pluperfect. It pairs with a main past clause to mark sequence.
Avevamo già mangiato quando suonò il telefono.
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | avevo stimato | I had estimated |
| tu | avevi stimato | you had estimated |
| lui/lei | aveva stimato | he/she/it had estimated |
| noi | avevamo stimato | we had estimated |
| voi | avevate stimato | you (pl.) had estimated |
| loro | avevano stimato | they had estimated |
Conditional perfect (Condizionale passato) Regular
The condizionale passato is for unreal or missed past results and often appears with se + trapassato prossimo in the protasis.
Avrei accettato, se mi avessero avvisato in tempo.
| Pronoun | Italian |
|---|---|
| io | avrei stimato |
| tu | avresti stimato |
| lui/lei | avrebbe stimato |
| noi | avremmo stimato |
| voi | avreste stimato |
| loro | avrebbero stimato |
Future perfect (Futuro anteriore) Regular
The futuro anteriore says something will already be over before a still-later future, or, like the French, can express a logical guess about a past result.
Entro le cinque, avrà già lasciato l'ufficio.
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | avrò stimato | I will have estimated |
| tu | avrai stimato | you will have estimated |
| lui/lei | avrà stimato | he/she/it will have estimated |
| noi | avremo stimato | we will have estimated |
| voi | avrete stimato | you (pl.) will have estimated |
| loro | avranno stimato | they will have estimated |
Subjunctive
Present subjunctive (Congiuntivo presente) Regular
The congiuntivo presente is required after many verbs and fixed phrases of will, fear, purpose, and doubt. Impersonal and semi-impersonal triggers (è importante che) also force the subjunctive mood.
Penso che sia la scelta giusta.
| Pronoun | Italian |
|---|---|
| io | stimi |
| tu | stimi |
| lui/lei | stimi |
| noi | stimiamo |
| voi | stimiate |
| loro | stimino |
Imperfect subjunctive (Congiuntivo imperfetto) Regular
The congiuntivo imperfetto is the past of the congiuntivo system after a past matrix clause and in se + congi. imperf. → condizionale with unreal conditions.
Se avessi più tempo, viaggerei ogni mese.
| Pronoun | Italian |
|---|---|
| io | stimassi |
| tu | stimassi |
| lui/lei | stimasse |
| noi | stimassimo |
| voi | stimaste |
| loro | stimassero |
Other forms
Imperative (affirmative) (Imperativo) Regular
The affirmative imperativo reuses the tu form as 3sg for -are verbs, while other conjugations use the normal tu present. It is the direct command register.
Raccontami com'è andata l'esame.
| Pronoun | Italian |
|---|---|
| tu | stima |
| lui/lei | stimi |
| noi | stimiamo |
| voi | stimate |
| loro | stimino |
Imperative (negative) (Imperativo negativo) Regular
Negative commands use non + full infinitive in modern Italian, which is a distinctive rule compared to other Romance languages. Polite or indirect “please don’t” can still soften the tone in context.
Non aprire quella finestra, per favore.
| Pronoun | Italian |
|---|---|
| tu | non stimare |
| lui/lei | non stimi |
| noi | non stimiamo |
| voi | non stimate |
| loro | non stimino |