stupire — Italian conjugation
to astonish
Indicative
Present (Presente) Regular
The presente covers habits, ongoing situations, and plans about to start — much like English “I study” and “I am studying”. One present tense does both in Italian.
Lavora da casa tre giorni a settimana.
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | stupisco | I astonish |
| tu | stupisci | you astonish |
| lui/lei | stupisce | he/she/it astonishes |
| noi | stupiamo | we astonish |
| voi | stupite | you (pl.) astonish |
| loro | stupiscono | they astonish |
Simple past (Passato remoto) Regular
The passato remoto tells a completed, narrative past, especially in the south and in literature. The passato prossimo is the normal spoken past in the north, so you choose register and region, not a difference in time alone.
Quella sera arrivò tardi, senza alibi.
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | stupii | I astonished |
| tu | stupisti | you astonished |
| lui/lei | stupì | he/she/it astonished |
| noi | stupimmo | we astonished |
| voi | stupiste | you (pl.) astonished |
| loro | stupirono | they astonished |
Imperfect (Imperfetto) Regular
The imperfetto is for incomplete past actions, context, and repeated or habitual situations without a clear end. The passato prossimo, not the remoto, is its usual “event” partner in speech.
Da bambina passavo le estati al mare.
| Pronoun | Italian |
|---|---|
| io | stupivo |
| tu | stupivi |
| lui/lei | stupiva |
| noi | stupivamo |
| voi | stupivate |
| loro | stupivano |
Conditional (Condizionale) Regular
The condizionale is for polite “would you…”, first-condition hypotheticals, and reported future from a past point of view. The classic if-chain is se + imperfetto → condizionale.
Potresti alzare un poco la voce?
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | stupirei | I would astonish |
| tu | stupiresti | you would astonish |
| lui/lei | stupirebbe | he/she/it would astonish |
| noi | stupiremmo | we would astonish |
| voi | stupireste | you (pl.) would astonish |
| loro | stupirebbero | they would astonish |
Future (Futuro semplice) Regular
The futuro semplice is for predictions and far decisions. In speech you often hear the present (with a time adverb) or a paraphrase, and a famous trick is the futuro di probabilità for a present guess: saranno le tre.
Domani partiremo all'alba.
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | stupirò | I will astonish |
| tu | stupirai | you will astonish |
| lui/lei | stupirà | he/she/it will astonish |
| noi | stupiremo | we will astonish |
| voi | stupirete | you (pl.) will astonish |
| loro | stupiranno | they will astonish |
Present perfect (Passato prossimo) Regular
The passato prossimo is the workhorse preterit-like past in the north and in everyday Italian: avere/essere + participle, essere for reflexives, motion, and other change-of-state patterns.
Siamo andati a piedi, poi abbiamo preso l'autobus.
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | ho stupito | I have astonished |
| tu | hai stupito | you have astonished |
| lui/lei | ha stupito | he/she/it has astonished |
| noi | abbiamo stupito | we have astonished |
| voi | avete stupito | you (pl.) have astonished |
| loro | hanno stupito | they have astonished |
Pluperfect (Trapassato prossimo) Regular
The trapassato prossimo is “further in the past than another past” — the Italian pluperfect. It pairs with a main past clause to mark sequence.
Avevamo già mangiato quando suonò il telefono.
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | avevo stupito | I had astonished |
| tu | avevi stupito | you had astonished |
| lui/lei | aveva stupito | he/she/it had astonished |
| noi | avevamo stupito | we had astonished |
| voi | avevate stupito | you (pl.) had astonished |
| loro | avevano stupito | they had astonished |
Conditional perfect (Condizionale passato) Regular
The condizionale passato is for unreal or missed past results and often appears with se + trapassato prossimo in the protasis.
Avrei accettato, se mi avessero avvisato in tempo.
| Pronoun | Italian |
|---|---|
| io | avrei stupito |
| tu | avresti stupito |
| lui/lei | avrebbe stupito |
| noi | avremmo stupito |
| voi | avreste stupito |
| loro | avrebbero stupito |
Future perfect (Futuro anteriore) Regular
The futuro anteriore says something will already be over before a still-later future, or, like the French, can express a logical guess about a past result.
Entro le cinque, avrà già lasciato l'ufficio.
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | avrò stupito | I will have astonished |
| tu | avrai stupito | you will have astonished |
| lui/lei | avrà stupito | he/she/it will have astonished |
| noi | avremo stupito | we will have astonished |
| voi | avrete stupito | you (pl.) will have astonished |
| loro | avranno stupito | they will have astonished |
Subjunctive
Present subjunctive (Congiuntivo presente) Regular
The congiuntivo presente is required after many verbs and fixed phrases of will, fear, purpose, and doubt. Impersonal and semi-impersonal triggers (è importante che) also force the subjunctive mood.
Penso che sia la scelta giusta.
| Pronoun | Italian |
|---|---|
| io | stupisca |
| tu | stupisca |
| lui/lei | stupisca |
| noi | stupiamo |
| voi | stupiate |
| loro | stupiscano |
Imperfect subjunctive (Congiuntivo imperfetto) Regular
The congiuntivo imperfetto is the past of the congiuntivo system after a past matrix clause and in se + congi. imperf. → condizionale with unreal conditions.
Se avessi più tempo, viaggerei ogni mese.
| Pronoun | Italian |
|---|---|
| io | stupissi |
| tu | stupissi |
| lui/lei | stupisse |
| noi | stupissimo |
| voi | stupiste |
| loro | stupissero |
Other forms
Imperative (affirmative) (Imperativo) Regular
The affirmative imperativo reuses the tu form as 3sg for -are verbs, while other conjugations use the normal tu present. It is the direct command register.
Raccontami com'è andata l'esame.
| Pronoun | Italian |
|---|---|
| tu | stupisci |
| lui/lei | stupisca |
| noi | stupiamo |
| voi | stupite |
| loro | stupiscano |
Imperative (negative) (Imperativo negativo) Regular
Negative commands use non + full infinitive in modern Italian, which is a distinctive rule compared to other Romance languages. Polite or indirect “please don’t” can still soften the tone in context.
Non aprire quella finestra, per favore.
| Pronoun | Italian |
|---|---|
| tu | non stupire |
| lui/lei | non stupisca |
| noi | non stupiamo |
| voi | non stupite |
| loro | non stupiscano |