sudare — Italian conjugation
to sweat
Indicative
Present (Presente) Regular
The presente covers habits, ongoing situations, and plans about to start — much like English “I study” and “I am studying”. One present tense does both in Italian.
Lavora da casa tre giorni a settimana.
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | sudo | I sweat |
| tu | sudi | you sweat |
| lui/lei | suda | he/she/it sweats |
| noi | sudiamo | we sweat |
| voi | sudate | you (pl.) sweat |
| loro | sudano | they sweat |
Simple past (Passato remoto) Regular
The passato remoto tells a completed, narrative past, especially in the south and in literature. The passato prossimo is the normal spoken past in the north, so you choose register and region, not a difference in time alone.
Quella sera arrivò tardi, senza alibi.
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | sudai | I sweated |
| tu | sudasti | you sweated |
| lui/lei | sudò | he/she/it sweated |
| noi | sudammo | we sweated |
| voi | sudaste | you (pl.) sweated |
| loro | sudarono | they sweated |
Imperfect (Imperfetto) Regular
The imperfetto is for incomplete past actions, context, and repeated or habitual situations without a clear end. The passato prossimo, not the remoto, is its usual “event” partner in speech.
Da bambina passavo le estati al mare.
| Pronoun | Italian |
|---|---|
| io | sudavo |
| tu | sudavi |
| lui/lei | sudava |
| noi | sudavamo |
| voi | sudavate |
| loro | sudavano |
Conditional (Condizionale) Regular
The condizionale is for polite “would you…”, first-condition hypotheticals, and reported future from a past point of view. The classic if-chain is se + imperfetto → condizionale.
Potresti alzare un poco la voce?
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | suderei | I would sweat |
| tu | suderesti | you would sweat |
| lui/lei | suderebbe | he/she/it would sweat |
| noi | suderemmo | we would sweat |
| voi | sudereste | you (pl.) would sweat |
| loro | suderebbero | they would sweat |
Future (Futuro semplice) Regular
The futuro semplice is for predictions and far decisions. In speech you often hear the present (with a time adverb) or a paraphrase, and a famous trick is the futuro di probabilità for a present guess: saranno le tre.
Domani partiremo all'alba.
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | suderò | I will sweat |
| tu | suderai | you will sweat |
| lui/lei | suderà | he/she/it will sweat |
| noi | suderemo | we will sweat |
| voi | suderete | you (pl.) will sweat |
| loro | suderanno | they will sweat |
Present perfect (Passato prossimo) Regular
The passato prossimo is the workhorse preterit-like past in the north and in everyday Italian: avere/essere + participle, essere for reflexives, motion, and other change-of-state patterns.
Siamo andati a piedi, poi abbiamo preso l'autobus.
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | ho sudato | I have sweated |
| tu | hai sudato | you have sweated |
| lui/lei | ha sudato | he/she/it has sweated |
| noi | abbiamo sudato | we have sweated |
| voi | avete sudato | you (pl.) have sweated |
| loro | hanno sudato | they have sweated |
Pluperfect (Trapassato prossimo) Regular
The trapassato prossimo is “further in the past than another past” — the Italian pluperfect. It pairs with a main past clause to mark sequence.
Avevamo già mangiato quando suonò il telefono.
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | avevo sudato | I had sweated |
| tu | avevi sudato | you had sweated |
| lui/lei | aveva sudato | he/she/it had sweated |
| noi | avevamo sudato | we had sweated |
| voi | avevate sudato | you (pl.) had sweated |
| loro | avevano sudato | they had sweated |
Conditional perfect (Condizionale passato) Regular
The condizionale passato is for unreal or missed past results and often appears with se + trapassato prossimo in the protasis.
Avrei accettato, se mi avessero avvisato in tempo.
| Pronoun | Italian |
|---|---|
| io | avrei sudato |
| tu | avresti sudato |
| lui/lei | avrebbe sudato |
| noi | avremmo sudato |
| voi | avreste sudato |
| loro | avrebbero sudato |
Future perfect (Futuro anteriore) Regular
The futuro anteriore says something will already be over before a still-later future, or, like the French, can express a logical guess about a past result.
Entro le cinque, avrà già lasciato l'ufficio.
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | avrò sudato | I will have sweated |
| tu | avrai sudato | you will have sweated |
| lui/lei | avrà sudato | he/she/it will have sweated |
| noi | avremo sudato | we will have sweated |
| voi | avrete sudato | you (pl.) will have sweated |
| loro | avranno sudato | they will have sweated |
Subjunctive
Present subjunctive (Congiuntivo presente) Regular
The congiuntivo presente is required after many verbs and fixed phrases of will, fear, purpose, and doubt. Impersonal and semi-impersonal triggers (è importante che) also force the subjunctive mood.
Penso che sia la scelta giusta.
| Pronoun | Italian |
|---|---|
| io | sudi |
| tu | sudi |
| lui/lei | sudi |
| noi | sudiamo |
| voi | sudiate |
| loro | sudino |
Imperfect subjunctive (Congiuntivo imperfetto) Regular
The congiuntivo imperfetto is the past of the congiuntivo system after a past matrix clause and in se + congi. imperf. → condizionale with unreal conditions.
Se avessi più tempo, viaggerei ogni mese.
| Pronoun | Italian |
|---|---|
| io | sudassi |
| tu | sudassi |
| lui/lei | sudasse |
| noi | sudassimo |
| voi | sudaste |
| loro | sudassero |
Other forms
Imperative (affirmative) (Imperativo) Regular
The affirmative imperativo reuses the tu form as 3sg for -are verbs, while other conjugations use the normal tu present. It is the direct command register.
Raccontami com'è andata l'esame.
| Pronoun | Italian |
|---|---|
| tu | suda |
| lui/lei | sudi |
| noi | sudiamo |
| voi | sudate |
| loro | sudino |
Imperative (negative) (Imperativo negativo) Regular
Negative commands use non + full infinitive in modern Italian, which is a distinctive rule compared to other Romance languages. Polite or indirect “please don’t” can still soften the tone in context.
Non aprire quella finestra, per favore.
| Pronoun | Italian |
|---|---|
| tu | non sudare |
| lui/lei | non sudi |
| noi | non sudiamo |
| voi | non sudate |
| loro | non sudino |