ler — Portuguese conjugation

to read

Frequency#54Irregular

Indicative

Present (Presente) Irregular

The presente covers routines, states, and immediate future with adverbs like hoje or amanhã. One present form covers both English simple and progressive readings in most situations.

Ela estuda português todas as noites.

PronounPortugueseEnglish
euleioI read
tulêsyou read
vocêyou read
ele/elahe/she/it reads
nóslemoswe read
vósledesyou (pl.) read
vocêslêemyou (pl.) read
eles/elaslêemthey read

Preterite (Pretérito perfeito simples) Regular

The pretérito perfeito simples is a sharp, completed past. In European Portuguese it is the standard story-telling past; Brazilian usage often prefers the compound form in speech while keeping the simple for narrative and writing.

Ontem escreveu a carta inteira de uma vez.

PronounPortugueseEnglish
euliI read
tulesteyou read
vocêleuyou read
ele/elaleuhe/she/it read
nóslemoswe read
vóslestesyou (pl.) read
vocêsleramyou (pl.) read
eles/elasleramthey read

Imperfect (Pretérito imperfeito) Regular

The imperfeito describes past background, repeated actions, and how things used to be. Contrast it with the simple preterite for the “main event” line of a story.

Quando era criança, brincava na praia.

PronounPortuguese
eulia
tulias
vocêlia
ele/elalia
nóslíamos
vóslíeis
vocêsliam
eles/elasliam

Conditional (Condicional) Regular

The condicional is for polite offers, soft questions, and hypothetical “would” outcomes, and it often closes a se + imperfeito do subjuntivo chain in formal style.

Você poderia me explicar outra vez?

PronounPortugueseEnglish
euleriaI would read
tuleriasyou would read
vocêleriayou would read
ele/elaleriahe/she/it would read
nósleríamoswe would read
vósleríeisyou (pl.) would read
vocêsleriamyou (pl.) would read
eles/elasleriamthey would read

Future (Futuro do presente) Regular

The futuro do presente states future facts; in everyday conversation you will often hear ir + infinitive or even the present with a time adverb instead of the synthetic future.

Amanhã faremos a reunião mais cedo.

PronounPortugueseEnglish
eulereiI will read
tulerásyou will read
vocêleráyou will read
ele/elaleráhe/she/it will read
nósleremoswe will read
vóslereisyou (pl.) will read
vocêslerãoyou (pl.) will read
eles/elaslerãothey will read

Present perfect (Pretérito perfeito composto) Regular

The pretérito perfeito composto uses ter or haver plus the participle for a past that still touches the present or happens repeatedly up to now — a “have done” perfect with strong links to European norms.

Tenho pensado nisso há semanas.

PronounPortugueseEnglish
eutenho lidoI have read
tutens lidoyou have read
vocêtem lidoyou have read
ele/elatem lidohe/she/it has read
nóstemos lidowe have read
vóstendes lidoyou (pl.) have read
vocêstêm lidoyou (pl.) have read
eles/elastêm lidothey have read

Pluperfect (Mais-que-perfeito composto) Regular

The mais-que-perfeito composto is the pluperfect: an action was already finished before another past reference. It mirrors the English “had already”.

Já tinham saído quando chegámos.

PronounPortugueseEnglish
eutinha lidoI had read
tutinhas lidoyou had read
vocêtinha lidoyou had read
ele/elatinha lidohe/she/it had read
nóstínhamos lidowe had read
vóstínheis lidoyou (pl.) had read
vocêstinham lidoyou (pl.) had read
eles/elastinham lidothey had read

Conditional perfect (Condicional composto) Regular

The condicional composto expresses a counterfactual “would have” and appears with the right kind of if-clause in the subjunctive past for unreal conditions.

Teria aceite se tiveses avisado com antecedência.

PronounPortuguese
euteria lido
tuterias lido
vocêteria lido
ele/elateria lido
nósteríamos lido
vósteríeis lido
vocêsteriam lido
eles/elasteriam lido

Future perfect (Futuro composto) Regular

The futuro composto is the future-in-the-future: something will be finished before a later time. It is less frequent than the simple future but still useful for deadlines.

Até sexta, teremos lido tudo o relatório.

PronounPortugueseEnglish
euterei lidoI will have read
tuterás lidoyou will have read
vocêterá lidoyou will have read
ele/elaterá lidohe/she/it will have read
nósteremos lidowe will have read
vóstereis lidoyou (pl.) will have read
vocêsterão lidoyou (pl.) will have read
eles/elasterão lidothey will have read

Subjunctive

Present subjunctive (Conjuntivo presente) Regular

The present subjunctive appears after want, hope, fear, and impersonal triggers, and typically requires a new subject in the subordinate clause, just as in the other main Romance languages.

Espero que encontres o caminho fácil.

PronounPortuguese
euleia
tuleias
vocêleia
ele/elaleia
nósleiamos
vósleiais
vocêsleiam
eles/elasleiam

Imperfect subjunctive (Conjuntivo pretérito imperf.) Regular

The imperfect subjunctive in se + subjunctive → condicional is the classic “if I were a rich man” line in European Portuguese, parallel to the Spanish -ra form.

Se tivesse mais tempo, aprenderia outro idioma.

PronounPortuguese
eulesse
tulesses
vocêlesse
ele/elalesse
nóslêssemos
vóslêsseis
vocêslessem
eles/elaslessem

Other forms

Imperative (affirmative) (Imperativo afirmativo) Regular

The affirmative imperative in Portuguese is built with tu, você, nós, vós, and vocês forms; Brazilian norms favour você/vocês with third-person present verb shapes.

Diga a verdade, por favor.

PronounPortuguese
tu
vocêleia
ele/elaleia
nósleiamos
vóslede
vocêsleiam
eles/elasleiam

Imperative (negative) (Imperativo negativo) Regular

Negative commands require não plus the present subjunctive for each person, which is a distinctive feature compared to other Romance systems that reuse present indicative in some slots.

Não falemos com pressa, está tudo calmo.

PronounPortuguese
tunão leias
vocênão leia
ele/elanão leia
nósnão leiamos
vósnão leiais
vocêsnão leiam
eles/elasnão leiam