schlafen — German conjugation

to sleep

Frequency#38Irregular

Indicative

Present (Präsens) Irregular

Präsens is the default present for facts, habits, and near-future plans. German has no continuous aspect in the same way as English, so a single form often covers both “I work” and “I am working” when you add a time adverb or context.

Ich arbeite heute im Homeoffice.

PronounGermanEnglish
ichschlafeI sleep
duschläfstyou sleep
er/sie/esschläfthe/she/it sleeps
wirschlafenwe sleep
ihrschlaftyou (pl.) sleep
sie/Sieschlafenthey sleep

Simple past (Präteritum) Irregular

Präteritum is a narrative past, common in print and in northern speech, while southern speakers lean on the perfect in conversation. sein and haben keep their Präteritum even when you otherwise avoid the preterite.

Er war müde, aber er hatte keinen Kaffee mehr.

PronounGermanEnglish
ichschliefI slept
duschliefstyou slept
er/sie/esschliefhe/she/it slept
wirschliefenwe slept
ihrschlieftyou (pl.) slept
sie/Sieschliefenthey slept

Present perfect (Perfekt) Irregular

The Perfekt is the everyday past for finished events: auxiliary haben or sein plus participle, with sein for most motion, coming/going, and some change-of-state verbs.

Wir sind rechtzeitig angekommen und haben gefeiert.

PronounGermanEnglish
ichhabe geschlafenI have slept
duhast geschlafenyou have slept
er/sie/eshat geschlafenhe/she/it has slept
wirhaben geschlafenwe have slept
ihrhabt geschlafenyou (pl.) have slept
sie/Siehaben geschlafenthey have slept

Pluperfect (Plusquamperfekt) Irregular

The Plusquamperfekt is the pluperfect: it marks what had already completed before a later past episode in the same narrative.

Sie war schon gegangen, bevor er ankam.

PronounGermanEnglish
ichhatte geschlafenI had slept
duhattest geschlafenyou had slept
er/sie/eshatte geschlafenhe/she/it had slept
wirhatten geschlafenwe had slept
ihrhattet geschlafenyou (pl.) had slept
sie/Siehatten geschlafenthey had slept

Future I (Futur I) Irregular

Futur I is for predictions, firm promises, and also probability about the present in colloquial German. Everyday speech very often uses Präsens plus a time expression instead.

Morgen schneit es, sagt der Wetterbericht.

PronounGermanEnglish
ichwerde schlafenI will sleep
duwirst schlafenyou will sleep
er/sie/eswird schlafenhe/she/it will sleep
wirwerden schlafenwe will sleep
ihrwerdet schlafenyou (pl.) will sleep
sie/Siewerden schlafenthey will sleep

Future II (Futur II) Irregular

Futur II (werden + participle + haben/sein) names an action that will be completed before a later time, and can also express a guess that something must already have happened.

Bis Freitag werde ich alles gepackt haben.

PronounGermanEnglish
ichwerde geschlafen habenI will have slept
duwirst geschlafen habenyou will have slept
er/sie/eswird geschlafen habenhe/she/it will have slept
wirwerden geschlafen habenwe will have slept
ihrwerdet geschlafen habenyou (pl.) will have slept
sie/Siewerden geschlafen habenthey will have slept

Subjunctive

Subjunctive II (Konjunktiv II) Irregular

Konjunktiv II is the mood for politeness, contrary-to-fact if-clauses, and reported views. In speech, würde + infinitive often stands in for rarer preterit-based forms.

Könnten Sie mir bitte helfen?

PronounGerman
ichschliefe
duschliefest
er/sie/esschliefe
wirschliefen
ihrschliefet
sie/Sieschliefen

Other forms

Imperative (Imperativ) Irregular

The imperative uses the du, ihr, and Sie forms of command; the informal du form drops the -st of the present for many strong verbs, and separable-prefix verbs place the prefix at the end.

Mach bitte schnell, der Zug fährt gleich ab.

PronounGerman
duschlafe
ihrschlaft