schließen — German conjugation

to close

Frequency#67Irregular

Indicative

Present (Präsens) Irregular

Präsens is the default present for facts, habits, and near-future plans. German has no continuous aspect in the same way as English, so a single form often covers both “I work” and “I am working” when you add a time adverb or context.

Ich arbeite heute im Homeoffice.

PronounGermanEnglish
ichschließeI close
duschließtyou close
er/sie/esschließthe/she/it closes
wirschließenwe close
ihrschließtyou (pl.) close
sie/Sieschließenthey close

Simple past (Präteritum) Irregular

Präteritum is a narrative past, common in print and in northern speech, while southern speakers lean on the perfect in conversation. sein and haben keep their Präteritum even when you otherwise avoid the preterite.

Er war müde, aber er hatte keinen Kaffee mehr.

PronounGermanEnglish
ichschlossI closed
duschlossestyou closed
er/sie/esschlosshe/she/it closed
wirschlossenwe closed
ihrschlosstyou (pl.) closed
sie/Sieschlossenthey closed

Present perfect (Perfekt) Irregular

The Perfekt is the everyday past for finished events: auxiliary haben or sein plus participle, with sein for most motion, coming/going, and some change-of-state verbs.

Wir sind rechtzeitig angekommen und haben gefeiert.

PronounGermanEnglish
ichhabe geschlossenI have closed
duhast geschlossenyou have closed
er/sie/eshat geschlossenhe/she/it has closed
wirhaben geschlossenwe have closed
ihrhabt geschlossenyou (pl.) have closed
sie/Siehaben geschlossenthey have closed

Pluperfect (Plusquamperfekt) Irregular

The Plusquamperfekt is the pluperfect: it marks what had already completed before a later past episode in the same narrative.

Sie war schon gegangen, bevor er ankam.

PronounGermanEnglish
ichhatte geschlossenI had closed
duhattest geschlossenyou had closed
er/sie/eshatte geschlossenhe/she/it had closed
wirhatten geschlossenwe had closed
ihrhattet geschlossenyou (pl.) had closed
sie/Siehatten geschlossenthey had closed

Future I (Futur I) Irregular

Futur I is for predictions, firm promises, and also probability about the present in colloquial German. Everyday speech very often uses Präsens plus a time expression instead.

Morgen schneit es, sagt der Wetterbericht.

PronounGermanEnglish
ichwerde schließenI will close
duwirst schließenyou will close
er/sie/eswird schließenhe/she/it will close
wirwerden schließenwe will close
ihrwerdet schließenyou (pl.) will close
sie/Siewerden schließenthey will close

Future II (Futur II) Irregular

Futur II (werden + participle + haben/sein) names an action that will be completed before a later time, and can also express a guess that something must already have happened.

Bis Freitag werde ich alles gepackt haben.

PronounGermanEnglish
ichwerde geschlossen habenI will have closed
duwirst geschlossen habenyou will have closed
er/sie/eswird geschlossen habenhe/she/it will have closed
wirwerden geschlossen habenwe will have closed
ihrwerdet geschlossen habenyou (pl.) will have closed
sie/Siewerden geschlossen habenthey will have closed

Subjunctive

Subjunctive II (Konjunktiv II) Irregular

Konjunktiv II is the mood for politeness, contrary-to-fact if-clauses, and reported views. In speech, würde + infinitive often stands in for rarer preterit-based forms.

Könnten Sie mir bitte helfen?

PronounGerman
ichschlösse
duschlössest
er/sie/esschlösse
wirschlössen
ihrschlösset
sie/Sieschlössen

Other forms

Imperative (Imperativ) Irregular

The imperative uses the du, ihr, and Sie forms of command; the informal du form drops the -st of the present for many strong verbs, and separable-prefix verbs place the prefix at the end.

Mach bitte schnell, der Zug fährt gleich ab.

PronounGerman
duschließe
ihrschließt