schulden — German conjugation

to owe

Frequency#508Regular

Indicative

Present (Präsens) Regular

Präsens is the default present for facts, habits, and near-future plans. German has no continuous aspect in the same way as English, so a single form often covers both “I work” and “I am working” when you add a time adverb or context.

Ich arbeite heute im Homeoffice.

PronounGermanEnglish
ichschuldeI owe
duschuldestyou owe
er/sie/esschuldethe/she/it owes
wirschuldenwe owe
ihrschuldetyou (pl.) owe
sie/Sieschuldenthey owe

Simple past (Präteritum) Regular

Präteritum is a narrative past, common in print and in northern speech, while southern speakers lean on the perfect in conversation. sein and haben keep their Präteritum even when you otherwise avoid the preterite.

Er war müde, aber er hatte keinen Kaffee mehr.

PronounGermanEnglish
ichschuldeteI owed
duschuldetestyou owed
er/sie/esschuldetehe/she/it owed
wirschuldetenwe owed
ihrschuldetetyou (pl.) owed
sie/Sieschuldetenthey owed

Present perfect (Perfekt) Regular

The Perfekt is the everyday past for finished events: auxiliary haben or sein plus participle, with sein for most motion, coming/going, and some change-of-state verbs.

Wir sind rechtzeitig angekommen und haben gefeiert.

PronounGermanEnglish
ichhabe geschuldetI have owed
duhast geschuldetyou have owed
er/sie/eshat geschuldethe/she/it has owed
wirhaben geschuldetwe have owed
ihrhabt geschuldetyou (pl.) have owed
sie/Siehaben geschuldetthey have owed

Pluperfect (Plusquamperfekt) Regular

The Plusquamperfekt is the pluperfect: it marks what had already completed before a later past episode in the same narrative.

Sie war schon gegangen, bevor er ankam.

PronounGermanEnglish
ichhatte geschuldetI had owed
duhattest geschuldetyou had owed
er/sie/eshatte geschuldethe/she/it had owed
wirhatten geschuldetwe had owed
ihrhattet geschuldetyou (pl.) had owed
sie/Siehatten geschuldetthey had owed

Future I (Futur I) Regular

Futur I is for predictions, firm promises, and also probability about the present in colloquial German. Everyday speech very often uses Präsens plus a time expression instead.

Morgen schneit es, sagt der Wetterbericht.

PronounGermanEnglish
ichwerde schuldenI will owe
duwirst schuldenyou will owe
er/sie/eswird schuldenhe/she/it will owe
wirwerden schuldenwe will owe
ihrwerdet schuldenyou (pl.) will owe
sie/Siewerden schuldenthey will owe

Future II (Futur II) Regular

Futur II (werden + participle + haben/sein) names an action that will be completed before a later time, and can also express a guess that something must already have happened.

Bis Freitag werde ich alles gepackt haben.

PronounGermanEnglish
ichwerde geschuldet habenI will have owed
duwirst geschuldet habenyou will have owed
er/sie/eswird geschuldet habenhe/she/it will have owed
wirwerden geschuldet habenwe will have owed
ihrwerdet geschuldet habenyou (pl.) will have owed
sie/Siewerden geschuldet habenthey will have owed

Subjunctive

Subjunctive II (Konjunktiv II) Regular

Konjunktiv II is the mood for politeness, contrary-to-fact if-clauses, and reported views. In speech, würde + infinitive often stands in for rarer preterit-based forms.

Könnten Sie mir bitte helfen?

PronounGerman
ichschuldete
duschuldetest
er/sie/esschuldete
wirschuldeten
ihrschuldetet
sie/Sieschuldeten

Other forms

Imperative (Imperativ) Regular

The imperative uses the du, ihr, and Sie forms of command; the informal du form drops the -st of the present for many strong verbs, and separable-prefix verbs place the prefix at the end.

Mach bitte schnell, der Zug fährt gleich ab.

PronounGerman
duschulde
ihrschuldet