addestrare — Italian conjugation
to train
Indicative
Present (Presente) Regular
The presente covers habits, ongoing situations, and plans about to start — much like English “I study” and “I am studying”. One present tense does both in Italian.
Lavora da casa tre giorni a settimana.
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | addestro | I train |
| tu | addestri | you train |
| lui/lei | addestra | he/she/it trains |
| noi | addestriamo | we train |
| voi | addestrate | you (pl.) train |
| loro | addestrano | they train |
Simple past (Passato remoto) Regular
The passato remoto tells a completed, narrative past, especially in the south and in literature. The passato prossimo is the normal spoken past in the north, so you choose register and region, not a difference in time alone.
Quella sera arrivò tardi, senza alibi.
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | addestrai | I trained |
| tu | addestrasti | you trained |
| lui/lei | addestrò | he/she/it trained |
| noi | addestrammo | we trained |
| voi | addestraste | you (pl.) trained |
| loro | addestrarono | they trained |
Imperfect (Imperfetto) Regular
The imperfetto is for incomplete past actions, context, and repeated or habitual situations without a clear end. The passato prossimo, not the remoto, is its usual “event” partner in speech.
Da bambina passavo le estati al mare.
| Pronoun | Italian |
|---|---|
| io | addestravo |
| tu | addestravi |
| lui/lei | addestrava |
| noi | addestravamo |
| voi | addestravate |
| loro | addestravano |
Conditional (Condizionale) Regular
The condizionale is for polite “would you…”, first-condition hypotheticals, and reported future from a past point of view. The classic if-chain is se + imperfetto → condizionale.
Potresti alzare un poco la voce?
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | addestrerei | I would train |
| tu | addestreresti | you would train |
| lui/lei | addestrerebbe | he/she/it would train |
| noi | addestreremmo | we would train |
| voi | addestrereste | you (pl.) would train |
| loro | addestrerebbero | they would train |
Future (Futuro semplice) Regular
The futuro semplice is for predictions and far decisions. In speech you often hear the present (with a time adverb) or a paraphrase, and a famous trick is the futuro di probabilità for a present guess: saranno le tre.
Domani partiremo all'alba.
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | addestrerò | I will train |
| tu | addestrerai | you will train |
| lui/lei | addestrerà | he/she/it will train |
| noi | addestreremo | we will train |
| voi | addestrerete | you (pl.) will train |
| loro | addestreranno | they will train |
Present perfect (Passato prossimo) Regular
The passato prossimo is the workhorse preterit-like past in the north and in everyday Italian: avere/essere + participle, essere for reflexives, motion, and other change-of-state patterns.
Siamo andati a piedi, poi abbiamo preso l'autobus.
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | ho addestrato | I have trained |
| tu | hai addestrato | you have trained |
| lui/lei | ha addestrato | he/she/it has trained |
| noi | abbiamo addestrato | we have trained |
| voi | avete addestrato | you (pl.) have trained |
| loro | hanno addestrato | they have trained |
Pluperfect (Trapassato prossimo) Regular
The trapassato prossimo is “further in the past than another past” — the Italian pluperfect. It pairs with a main past clause to mark sequence.
Avevamo già mangiato quando suonò il telefono.
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | avevo addestrato | I had trained |
| tu | avevi addestrato | you had trained |
| lui/lei | aveva addestrato | he/she/it had trained |
| noi | avevamo addestrato | we had trained |
| voi | avevate addestrato | you (pl.) had trained |
| loro | avevano addestrato | they had trained |
Conditional perfect (Condizionale passato) Regular
The condizionale passato is for unreal or missed past results and often appears with se + trapassato prossimo in the protasis.
Avrei accettato, se mi avessero avvisato in tempo.
| Pronoun | Italian |
|---|---|
| io | avrei addestrato |
| tu | avresti addestrato |
| lui/lei | avrebbe addestrato |
| noi | avremmo addestrato |
| voi | avreste addestrato |
| loro | avrebbero addestrato |
Future perfect (Futuro anteriore) Regular
The futuro anteriore says something will already be over before a still-later future, or, like the French, can express a logical guess about a past result.
Entro le cinque, avrà già lasciato l'ufficio.
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | avrò addestrato | I will have trained |
| tu | avrai addestrato | you will have trained |
| lui/lei | avrà addestrato | he/she/it will have trained |
| noi | avremo addestrato | we will have trained |
| voi | avrete addestrato | you (pl.) will have trained |
| loro | avranno addestrato | they will have trained |
Subjunctive
Present subjunctive (Congiuntivo presente) Regular
The congiuntivo presente is required after many verbs and fixed phrases of will, fear, purpose, and doubt. Impersonal and semi-impersonal triggers (è importante che) also force the subjunctive mood.
Penso che sia la scelta giusta.
| Pronoun | Italian |
|---|---|
| io | addestri |
| tu | addestri |
| lui/lei | addestri |
| noi | addestriamo |
| voi | addestriate |
| loro | addestrino |
Imperfect subjunctive (Congiuntivo imperfetto) Regular
The congiuntivo imperfetto is the past of the congiuntivo system after a past matrix clause and in se + congi. imperf. → condizionale with unreal conditions.
Se avessi più tempo, viaggerei ogni mese.
| Pronoun | Italian |
|---|---|
| io | addestrassi |
| tu | addestrassi |
| lui/lei | addestrasse |
| noi | addestrassimo |
| voi | addestraste |
| loro | addestrassero |
Other forms
Imperative (affirmative) (Imperativo) Regular
The affirmative imperativo reuses the tu form as 3sg for -are verbs, while other conjugations use the normal tu present. It is the direct command register.
Raccontami com'è andata l'esame.
| Pronoun | Italian |
|---|---|
| tu | addestra |
| lui/lei | addestri |
| noi | addestriamo |
| voi | addestrate |
| loro | addestrino |
Imperative (negative) (Imperativo negativo) Regular
Negative commands use non + full infinitive in modern Italian, which is a distinctive rule compared to other Romance languages. Polite or indirect “please don’t” can still soften the tone in context.
Non aprire quella finestra, per favore.
| Pronoun | Italian |
|---|---|
| tu | non addestrare |
| lui/lei | non addestri |
| noi | non addestriamo |
| voi | non addestrate |
| loro | non addestrino |