infliggere — Italian conjugation
to inflict
Indicative
Present (Presente) Regular
The presente covers habits, ongoing situations, and plans about to start — much like English “I study” and “I am studying”. One present tense does both in Italian.
Lavora da casa tre giorni a settimana.
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | infliggo | I inflict |
| tu | infliggi | you inflict |
| lui/lei | infligge | he/she/it inflicts |
| noi | infliggiamo | we inflict |
| voi | infliggete | you (pl.) inflict |
| loro | infliggono | they inflict |
Simple past (Passato remoto) Regular
The passato remoto tells a completed, narrative past, especially in the south and in literature. The passato prossimo is the normal spoken past in the north, so you choose register and region, not a difference in time alone.
Quella sera arrivò tardi, senza alibi.
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | inflissi | I inflicted |
| tu | infliggesti | you inflicted |
| lui/lei | inflisse | he/she/it inflicted |
| noi | infliggemmo | we inflicted |
| voi | infliggeste | you (pl.) inflicted |
| loro | inflissero | they inflicted |
Imperfect (Imperfetto) Regular
The imperfetto is for incomplete past actions, context, and repeated or habitual situations without a clear end. The passato prossimo, not the remoto, is its usual “event” partner in speech.
Da bambina passavo le estati al mare.
| Pronoun | Italian |
|---|---|
| io | infliggevo |
| tu | infliggevi |
| lui/lei | infliggeva |
| noi | infliggevamo |
| voi | infliggevate |
| loro | infliggevano |
Conditional (Condizionale) Regular
The condizionale is for polite “would you…”, first-condition hypotheticals, and reported future from a past point of view. The classic if-chain is se + imperfetto → condizionale.
Potresti alzare un poco la voce?
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | infliggerei | I would inflict |
| tu | infliggeresti | you would inflict |
| lui/lei | infliggerebbe | he/she/it would inflict |
| noi | infliggeremmo | we would inflict |
| voi | infliggereste | you (pl.) would inflict |
| loro | infliggerebbero | they would inflict |
Future (Futuro semplice) Regular
The futuro semplice is for predictions and far decisions. In speech you often hear the present (with a time adverb) or a paraphrase, and a famous trick is the futuro di probabilità for a present guess: saranno le tre.
Domani partiremo all'alba.
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | infliggerò | I will inflict |
| tu | infliggerai | you will inflict |
| lui/lei | infliggerà | he/she/it will inflict |
| noi | infliggeremo | we will inflict |
| voi | infliggerete | you (pl.) will inflict |
| loro | infliggeranno | they will inflict |
Present perfect (Passato prossimo) Regular
The passato prossimo is the workhorse preterit-like past in the north and in everyday Italian: avere/essere + participle, essere for reflexives, motion, and other change-of-state patterns.
Siamo andati a piedi, poi abbiamo preso l'autobus.
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | ho inflitto | I have inflicted |
| tu | hai inflitto | you have inflicted |
| lui/lei | ha inflitto | he/she/it has inflicted |
| noi | abbiamo inflitto | we have inflicted |
| voi | avete inflitto | you (pl.) have inflicted |
| loro | hanno inflitto | they have inflicted |
Pluperfect (Trapassato prossimo) Regular
The trapassato prossimo is “further in the past than another past” — the Italian pluperfect. It pairs with a main past clause to mark sequence.
Avevamo già mangiato quando suonò il telefono.
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | avevo inflitto | I had inflicted |
| tu | avevi inflitto | you had inflicted |
| lui/lei | aveva inflitto | he/she/it had inflicted |
| noi | avevamo inflitto | we had inflicted |
| voi | avevate inflitto | you (pl.) had inflicted |
| loro | avevano inflitto | they had inflicted |
Conditional perfect (Condizionale passato) Regular
The condizionale passato is for unreal or missed past results and often appears with se + trapassato prossimo in the protasis.
Avrei accettato, se mi avessero avvisato in tempo.
| Pronoun | Italian |
|---|---|
| io | avrei inflitto |
| tu | avresti inflitto |
| lui/lei | avrebbe inflitto |
| noi | avremmo inflitto |
| voi | avreste inflitto |
| loro | avrebbero inflitto |
Future perfect (Futuro anteriore) Regular
The futuro anteriore says something will already be over before a still-later future, or, like the French, can express a logical guess about a past result.
Entro le cinque, avrà già lasciato l'ufficio.
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | avrò inflitto | I will have inflicted |
| tu | avrai inflitto | you will have inflicted |
| lui/lei | avrà inflitto | he/she/it will have inflicted |
| noi | avremo inflitto | we will have inflicted |
| voi | avrete inflitto | you (pl.) will have inflicted |
| loro | avranno inflitto | they will have inflicted |
Subjunctive
Present subjunctive (Congiuntivo presente) Regular
The congiuntivo presente is required after many verbs and fixed phrases of will, fear, purpose, and doubt. Impersonal and semi-impersonal triggers (è importante che) also force the subjunctive mood.
Penso che sia la scelta giusta.
| Pronoun | Italian |
|---|---|
| io | infligga |
| tu | infligga |
| lui/lei | infligga |
| noi | infliggiamo |
| voi | infliggiate |
| loro | infliggano |
Imperfect subjunctive (Congiuntivo imperfetto) Regular
The congiuntivo imperfetto is the past of the congiuntivo system after a past matrix clause and in se + congi. imperf. → condizionale with unreal conditions.
Se avessi più tempo, viaggerei ogni mese.
| Pronoun | Italian |
|---|---|
| io | infliggessi |
| tu | infliggessi |
| lui/lei | infliggesse |
| noi | infliggessimo |
| voi | infliggeste |
| loro | infliggessero |
Other forms
Imperative (affirmative) (Imperativo) Regular
The affirmative imperativo reuses the tu form as 3sg for -are verbs, while other conjugations use the normal tu present. It is the direct command register.
Raccontami com'è andata l'esame.
| Pronoun | Italian |
|---|---|
| tu | infliggi |
| lui/lei | infligga |
| noi | infliggiamo |
| voi | infliggete |
| loro | infliggano |
Imperative (negative) (Imperativo negativo) Regular
Negative commands use non + full infinitive in modern Italian, which is a distinctive rule compared to other Romance languages. Polite or indirect “please don’t” can still soften the tone in context.
Non aprire quella finestra, per favore.
| Pronoun | Italian |
|---|---|
| tu | non infliggere |
| lui/lei | non infligga |
| noi | non infliggiamo |
| voi | non infliggete |
| loro | non infliggano |