faticare — Italian conjugation
to toil
Indicative
Present (Presente) Irregular
The presente covers habits, ongoing situations, and plans about to start — much like English “I study” and “I am studying”. One present tense does both in Italian.
Lavora da casa tre giorni a settimana.
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | fatico | I toil |
| tu | fatichi | you toil |
| lui/lei | fatica | he/she/it toils |
| noi | fatichiamo | we toil |
| voi | faticate | you (pl.) toil |
| loro | faticano | they toil |
Simple past (Passato remoto) Regular
The passato remoto tells a completed, narrative past, especially in the south and in literature. The passato prossimo is the normal spoken past in the north, so you choose register and region, not a difference in time alone.
Quella sera arrivò tardi, senza alibi.
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | faticai | I toiled |
| tu | faticasti | you toiled |
| lui/lei | faticò | he/she/it toiled |
| noi | faticammo | we toiled |
| voi | faticaste | you (pl.) toiled |
| loro | faticarono | they toiled |
Imperfect (Imperfetto) Regular
The imperfetto is for incomplete past actions, context, and repeated or habitual situations without a clear end. The passato prossimo, not the remoto, is its usual “event” partner in speech.
Da bambina passavo le estati al mare.
| Pronoun | Italian |
|---|---|
| io | faticavo |
| tu | faticavi |
| lui/lei | faticava |
| noi | faticavamo |
| voi | faticavate |
| loro | faticavano |
Conditional (Condizionale) Regular
The condizionale is for polite “would you…”, first-condition hypotheticals, and reported future from a past point of view. The classic if-chain is se + imperfetto → condizionale.
Potresti alzare un poco la voce?
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | faticherei | I would toil |
| tu | faticheresti | you would toil |
| lui/lei | faticherebbe | he/she/it would toil |
| noi | faticheremmo | we would toil |
| voi | fatichereste | you (pl.) would toil |
| loro | faticherebbero | they would toil |
Future (Futuro semplice) Irregular
The futuro semplice is for predictions and far decisions. In speech you often hear the present (with a time adverb) or a paraphrase, and a famous trick is the futuro di probabilità for a present guess: saranno le tre.
Domani partiremo all'alba.
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | faticherò | I will toil |
| tu | faticherai | you will toil |
| lui/lei | faticherà | he/she/it will toil |
| noi | faticheremo | we will toil |
| voi | faticherete | you (pl.) will toil |
| loro | faticheranno | they will toil |
Present perfect (Passato prossimo) Regular
The passato prossimo is the workhorse preterit-like past in the north and in everyday Italian: avere/essere + participle, essere for reflexives, motion, and other change-of-state patterns.
Siamo andati a piedi, poi abbiamo preso l'autobus.
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | ho faticato | I have toiled |
| tu | hai faticato | you have toiled |
| lui/lei | ha faticato | he/she/it has toiled |
| noi | abbiamo faticato | we have toiled |
| voi | avete faticato | you (pl.) have toiled |
| loro | hanno faticato | they have toiled |
Pluperfect (Trapassato prossimo) Regular
The trapassato prossimo is “further in the past than another past” — the Italian pluperfect. It pairs with a main past clause to mark sequence.
Avevamo già mangiato quando suonò il telefono.
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | avevo faticato | I had toiled |
| tu | avevi faticato | you had toiled |
| lui/lei | aveva faticato | he/she/it had toiled |
| noi | avevamo faticato | we had toiled |
| voi | avevate faticato | you (pl.) had toiled |
| loro | avevano faticato | they had toiled |
Conditional perfect (Condizionale passato) Regular
The condizionale passato is for unreal or missed past results and often appears with se + trapassato prossimo in the protasis.
Avrei accettato, se mi avessero avvisato in tempo.
| Pronoun | Italian |
|---|---|
| io | avrei faticato |
| tu | avresti faticato |
| lui/lei | avrebbe faticato |
| noi | avremmo faticato |
| voi | avreste faticato |
| loro | avrebbero faticato |
Future perfect (Futuro anteriore) Regular
The futuro anteriore says something will already be over before a still-later future, or, like the French, can express a logical guess about a past result.
Entro le cinque, avrà già lasciato l'ufficio.
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | avrò faticato | I will have toiled |
| tu | avrai faticato | you will have toiled |
| lui/lei | avrà faticato | he/she/it will have toiled |
| noi | avremo faticato | we will have toiled |
| voi | avrete faticato | you (pl.) will have toiled |
| loro | avranno faticato | they will have toiled |
Subjunctive
Present subjunctive (Congiuntivo presente) Irregular
The congiuntivo presente is required after many verbs and fixed phrases of will, fear, purpose, and doubt. Impersonal and semi-impersonal triggers (è importante che) also force the subjunctive mood.
Penso che sia la scelta giusta.
| Pronoun | Italian |
|---|---|
| io | fatichi |
| tu | fatichi |
| lui/lei | fatichi |
| noi | fatichiamo |
| voi | fatichiate |
| loro | fatichino |
Imperfect subjunctive (Congiuntivo imperfetto) Regular
The congiuntivo imperfetto is the past of the congiuntivo system after a past matrix clause and in se + congi. imperf. → condizionale with unreal conditions.
Se avessi più tempo, viaggerei ogni mese.
| Pronoun | Italian |
|---|---|
| io | faticassi |
| tu | faticassi |
| lui/lei | faticasse |
| noi | faticassimo |
| voi | faticaste |
| loro | faticassero |
Other forms
Imperative (affirmative) (Imperativo) Irregular
The affirmative imperativo reuses the tu form as 3sg for -are verbs, while other conjugations use the normal tu present. It is the direct command register.
Raccontami com'è andata l'esame.
| Pronoun | Italian |
|---|---|
| tu | fatica |
| lui/lei | fatichi |
| noi | fatichiamo |
| voi | faticate |
| loro | fatichino |
Imperative (negative) (Imperativo negativo) Irregular
Negative commands use non + full infinitive in modern Italian, which is a distinctive rule compared to other Romance languages. Polite or indirect “please don’t” can still soften the tone in context.
Non aprire quella finestra, per favore.
| Pronoun | Italian |
|---|---|
| tu | non faticare |
| lui/lei | non fatichi |
| noi | non fatichiamo |
| voi | non faticate |
| loro | non fatichino |