calmare — Italian conjugation
to calm
Indicative
Present (Presente) Regular
The presente covers habits, ongoing situations, and plans about to start — much like English “I study” and “I am studying”. One present tense does both in Italian.
Lavora da casa tre giorni a settimana.
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | calmo | I calm |
| tu | calmi | you calm |
| lui/lei | calma | he/she/it calms |
| noi | calmiamo | we calm |
| voi | calmate | you (pl.) calm |
| loro | calmano | they calm |
Simple past (Passato remoto) Regular
The passato remoto tells a completed, narrative past, especially in the south and in literature. The passato prossimo is the normal spoken past in the north, so you choose register and region, not a difference in time alone.
Quella sera arrivò tardi, senza alibi.
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | calmai | I calmed |
| tu | calmasti | you calmed |
| lui/lei | calmò | he/she/it calmed |
| noi | calmammo | we calmed |
| voi | calmaste | you (pl.) calmed |
| loro | calmarono | they calmed |
Imperfect (Imperfetto) Regular
The imperfetto is for incomplete past actions, context, and repeated or habitual situations without a clear end. The passato prossimo, not the remoto, is its usual “event” partner in speech.
Da bambina passavo le estati al mare.
| Pronoun | Italian |
|---|---|
| io | calmavo |
| tu | calmavi |
| lui/lei | calmava |
| noi | calmavamo |
| voi | calmavate |
| loro | calmavano |
Conditional (Condizionale) Regular
The condizionale is for polite “would you…”, first-condition hypotheticals, and reported future from a past point of view. The classic if-chain is se + imperfetto → condizionale.
Potresti alzare un poco la voce?
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | calmerei | I would calm |
| tu | calmeresti | you would calm |
| lui/lei | calmerebbe | he/she/it would calm |
| noi | calmeremmo | we would calm |
| voi | calmereste | you (pl.) would calm |
| loro | calmerebbero | they would calm |
Future (Futuro semplice) Regular
The futuro semplice is for predictions and far decisions. In speech you often hear the present (with a time adverb) or a paraphrase, and a famous trick is the futuro di probabilità for a present guess: saranno le tre.
Domani partiremo all'alba.
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | calmerò | I will calm |
| tu | calmerai | you will calm |
| lui/lei | calmerà | he/she/it will calm |
| noi | calmeremo | we will calm |
| voi | calmerete | you (pl.) will calm |
| loro | calmeranno | they will calm |
Present perfect (Passato prossimo) Regular
The passato prossimo is the workhorse preterit-like past in the north and in everyday Italian: avere/essere + participle, essere for reflexives, motion, and other change-of-state patterns.
Siamo andati a piedi, poi abbiamo preso l'autobus.
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | ho calmato | I have calmed |
| tu | hai calmato | you have calmed |
| lui/lei | ha calmato | he/she/it has calmed |
| noi | abbiamo calmato | we have calmed |
| voi | avete calmato | you (pl.) have calmed |
| loro | hanno calmato | they have calmed |
Pluperfect (Trapassato prossimo) Regular
The trapassato prossimo is “further in the past than another past” — the Italian pluperfect. It pairs with a main past clause to mark sequence.
Avevamo già mangiato quando suonò il telefono.
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | avevo calmato | I had calmed |
| tu | avevi calmato | you had calmed |
| lui/lei | aveva calmato | he/she/it had calmed |
| noi | avevamo calmato | we had calmed |
| voi | avevate calmato | you (pl.) had calmed |
| loro | avevano calmato | they had calmed |
Conditional perfect (Condizionale passato) Regular
The condizionale passato is for unreal or missed past results and often appears with se + trapassato prossimo in the protasis.
Avrei accettato, se mi avessero avvisato in tempo.
| Pronoun | Italian |
|---|---|
| io | avrei calmato |
| tu | avresti calmato |
| lui/lei | avrebbe calmato |
| noi | avremmo calmato |
| voi | avreste calmato |
| loro | avrebbero calmato |
Future perfect (Futuro anteriore) Regular
The futuro anteriore says something will already be over before a still-later future, or, like the French, can express a logical guess about a past result.
Entro le cinque, avrà già lasciato l'ufficio.
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | avrò calmato | I will have calmed |
| tu | avrai calmato | you will have calmed |
| lui/lei | avrà calmato | he/she/it will have calmed |
| noi | avremo calmato | we will have calmed |
| voi | avrete calmato | you (pl.) will have calmed |
| loro | avranno calmato | they will have calmed |
Subjunctive
Present subjunctive (Congiuntivo presente) Regular
The congiuntivo presente is required after many verbs and fixed phrases of will, fear, purpose, and doubt. Impersonal and semi-impersonal triggers (è importante che) also force the subjunctive mood.
Penso che sia la scelta giusta.
| Pronoun | Italian |
|---|---|
| io | calmi |
| tu | calmi |
| lui/lei | calmi |
| noi | calmiamo |
| voi | calmiate |
| loro | calmino |
Imperfect subjunctive (Congiuntivo imperfetto) Regular
The congiuntivo imperfetto is the past of the congiuntivo system after a past matrix clause and in se + congi. imperf. → condizionale with unreal conditions.
Se avessi più tempo, viaggerei ogni mese.
| Pronoun | Italian |
|---|---|
| io | calmassi |
| tu | calmassi |
| lui/lei | calmasse |
| noi | calmassimo |
| voi | calmaste |
| loro | calmassero |
Other forms
Imperative (affirmative) (Imperativo) Regular
The affirmative imperativo reuses the tu form as 3sg for -are verbs, while other conjugations use the normal tu present. It is the direct command register.
Raccontami com'è andata l'esame.
| Pronoun | Italian |
|---|---|
| tu | calma |
| lui/lei | calmi |
| noi | calmiamo |
| voi | calmate |
| loro | calmino |
Imperative (negative) (Imperativo negativo) Regular
Negative commands use non + full infinitive in modern Italian, which is a distinctive rule compared to other Romance languages. Polite or indirect “please don’t” can still soften the tone in context.
Non aprire quella finestra, per favore.
| Pronoun | Italian |
|---|---|
| tu | non calmare |
| lui/lei | non calmi |
| noi | non calmiamo |
| voi | non calmate |
| loro | non calmino |