estrarre — Italian conjugation
to extract
Indicative
Present (Presente) Regular
The presente covers habits, ongoing situations, and plans about to start — much like English “I study” and “I am studying”. One present tense does both in Italian.
Lavora da casa tre giorni a settimana.
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | estraggo | I extract |
| tu | estrai | you extract |
| lui/lei | estrae | he/she/it extracts |
| noi | estraiamo | we extract |
| voi | estraete | you (pl.) extract |
| loro | estraggono | they extract |
Simple past (Passato remoto) Regular
The passato remoto tells a completed, narrative past, especially in the south and in literature. The passato prossimo is the normal spoken past in the north, so you choose register and region, not a difference in time alone.
Quella sera arrivò tardi, senza alibi.
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | estrassi | I extracted |
| tu | estraesti | you extracted |
| lui/lei | estrasse | he/she/it extracted |
| noi | estraemmo | we extracted |
| voi | estraeste | you (pl.) extracted |
| loro | estrassero | they extracted |
Imperfect (Imperfetto) Regular
The imperfetto is for incomplete past actions, context, and repeated or habitual situations without a clear end. The passato prossimo, not the remoto, is its usual “event” partner in speech.
Da bambina passavo le estati al mare.
| Pronoun | Italian |
|---|---|
| io | estraevo |
| tu | estraevi |
| lui/lei | estraeva |
| noi | estraevamo |
| voi | estraevate |
| loro | estraevano |
Conditional (Condizionale) Regular
The condizionale is for polite “would you…”, first-condition hypotheticals, and reported future from a past point of view. The classic if-chain is se + imperfetto → condizionale.
Potresti alzare un poco la voce?
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | estrarrei | I would extract |
| tu | estrarresti | you would extract |
| lui/lei | estrarrebbe | he/she/it would extract |
| noi | estrarremmo | we would extract |
| voi | estrarreste | you (pl.) would extract |
| loro | estrarrebbero | they would extract |
Future (Futuro semplice) Regular
The futuro semplice is for predictions and far decisions. In speech you often hear the present (with a time adverb) or a paraphrase, and a famous trick is the futuro di probabilità for a present guess: saranno le tre.
Domani partiremo all'alba.
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | estrarrò | I will extract |
| tu | estrarrai | you will extract |
| lui/lei | estrarrà | he/she/it will extract |
| noi | estrarremo | we will extract |
| voi | estrarrete | you (pl.) will extract |
| loro | estrarranno | they will extract |
Present perfect (Passato prossimo) Regular
The passato prossimo is the workhorse preterit-like past in the north and in everyday Italian: avere/essere + participle, essere for reflexives, motion, and other change-of-state patterns.
Siamo andati a piedi, poi abbiamo preso l'autobus.
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | ho estratto | I have extracted |
| tu | hai estratto | you have extracted |
| lui/lei | ha estratto | he/she/it has extracted |
| noi | abbiamo estratto | we have extracted |
| voi | avete estratto | you (pl.) have extracted |
| loro | hanno estratto | they have extracted |
Pluperfect (Trapassato prossimo) Regular
The trapassato prossimo is “further in the past than another past” — the Italian pluperfect. It pairs with a main past clause to mark sequence.
Avevamo già mangiato quando suonò il telefono.
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | avevo estratto | I had extracted |
| tu | avevi estratto | you had extracted |
| lui/lei | aveva estratto | he/she/it had extracted |
| noi | avevamo estratto | we had extracted |
| voi | avevate estratto | you (pl.) had extracted |
| loro | avevano estratto | they had extracted |
Conditional perfect (Condizionale passato) Regular
The condizionale passato is for unreal or missed past results and often appears with se + trapassato prossimo in the protasis.
Avrei accettato, se mi avessero avvisato in tempo.
| Pronoun | Italian |
|---|---|
| io | avrei estratto |
| tu | avresti estratto |
| lui/lei | avrebbe estratto |
| noi | avremmo estratto |
| voi | avreste estratto |
| loro | avrebbero estratto |
Future perfect (Futuro anteriore) Regular
The futuro anteriore says something will already be over before a still-later future, or, like the French, can express a logical guess about a past result.
Entro le cinque, avrà già lasciato l'ufficio.
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | avrò estratto | I will have extracted |
| tu | avrai estratto | you will have extracted |
| lui/lei | avrà estratto | he/she/it will have extracted |
| noi | avremo estratto | we will have extracted |
| voi | avrete estratto | you (pl.) will have extracted |
| loro | avranno estratto | they will have extracted |
Subjunctive
Present subjunctive (Congiuntivo presente) Regular
The congiuntivo presente is required after many verbs and fixed phrases of will, fear, purpose, and doubt. Impersonal and semi-impersonal triggers (è importante che) also force the subjunctive mood.
Penso che sia la scelta giusta.
| Pronoun | Italian |
|---|---|
| io | estragga |
| tu | estragga |
| lui/lei | estragga |
| noi | estraiamo |
| voi | estraiate |
| loro | estraggano |
Imperfect subjunctive (Congiuntivo imperfetto) Regular
The congiuntivo imperfetto is the past of the congiuntivo system after a past matrix clause and in se + congi. imperf. → condizionale with unreal conditions.
Se avessi più tempo, viaggerei ogni mese.
| Pronoun | Italian |
|---|---|
| io | estraessi |
| tu | estraessi |
| lui/lei | estraesse |
| noi | estraessimo |
| voi | estraeste |
| loro | estraessero |
Other forms
Imperative (affirmative) (Imperativo) Regular
The affirmative imperativo reuses the tu form as 3sg for -are verbs, while other conjugations use the normal tu present. It is the direct command register.
Raccontami com'è andata l'esame.
| Pronoun | Italian |
|---|---|
| tu | estrai |
| lui/lei | estragga |
| noi | estraiamo |
| voi | estraete |
| loro | estraggano |
Imperative (negative) (Imperativo negativo) Regular
Negative commands use non + full infinitive in modern Italian, which is a distinctive rule compared to other Romance languages. Polite or indirect “please don’t” can still soften the tone in context.
Non aprire quella finestra, per favore.
| Pronoun | Italian |
|---|---|
| tu | non estrarre |
| lui/lei | non estragga |
| noi | non estraiamo |
| voi | non estraete |
| loro | non estraggano |