restaurare — Italian conjugation
to restore
Indicative
Present (Presente) Regular
The presente covers habits, ongoing situations, and plans about to start — much like English “I study” and “I am studying”. One present tense does both in Italian.
Lavora da casa tre giorni a settimana.
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | restauro | I restore |
| tu | restauri | you restore |
| lui/lei | restaura | he/she/it restores |
| noi | restauriamo | we restore |
| voi | restaurate | you (pl.) restore |
| loro | restaurano | they restore |
Simple past (Passato remoto) Regular
The passato remoto tells a completed, narrative past, especially in the south and in literature. The passato prossimo is the normal spoken past in the north, so you choose register and region, not a difference in time alone.
Quella sera arrivò tardi, senza alibi.
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | restaurai | I restored |
| tu | restaurasti | you restored |
| lui/lei | restaurò | he/she/it restored |
| noi | restaurammo | we restored |
| voi | restauraste | you (pl.) restored |
| loro | restaurarono | they restored |
Imperfect (Imperfetto) Regular
The imperfetto is for incomplete past actions, context, and repeated or habitual situations without a clear end. The passato prossimo, not the remoto, is its usual “event” partner in speech.
Da bambina passavo le estati al mare.
| Pronoun | Italian |
|---|---|
| io | restauravo |
| tu | restauravi |
| lui/lei | restaurava |
| noi | restauravamo |
| voi | restauravate |
| loro | restauravano |
Conditional (Condizionale) Regular
The condizionale is for polite “would you…”, first-condition hypotheticals, and reported future from a past point of view. The classic if-chain is se + imperfetto → condizionale.
Potresti alzare un poco la voce?
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | restaurerei | I would restore |
| tu | restaureresti | you would restore |
| lui/lei | restaurerebbe | he/she/it would restore |
| noi | restaureremmo | we would restore |
| voi | restaurereste | you (pl.) would restore |
| loro | restaurerebbero | they would restore |
Future (Futuro semplice) Regular
The futuro semplice is for predictions and far decisions. In speech you often hear the present (with a time adverb) or a paraphrase, and a famous trick is the futuro di probabilità for a present guess: saranno le tre.
Domani partiremo all'alba.
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | restaurerò | I will restore |
| tu | restaurerai | you will restore |
| lui/lei | restaurerà | he/she/it will restore |
| noi | restaureremo | we will restore |
| voi | restaurerete | you (pl.) will restore |
| loro | restaureranno | they will restore |
Present perfect (Passato prossimo) Regular
The passato prossimo is the workhorse preterit-like past in the north and in everyday Italian: avere/essere + participle, essere for reflexives, motion, and other change-of-state patterns.
Siamo andati a piedi, poi abbiamo preso l'autobus.
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | ho restaurato | I have restored |
| tu | hai restaurato | you have restored |
| lui/lei | ha restaurato | he/she/it has restored |
| noi | abbiamo restaurato | we have restored |
| voi | avete restaurato | you (pl.) have restored |
| loro | hanno restaurato | they have restored |
Pluperfect (Trapassato prossimo) Regular
The trapassato prossimo is “further in the past than another past” — the Italian pluperfect. It pairs with a main past clause to mark sequence.
Avevamo già mangiato quando suonò il telefono.
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | avevo restaurato | I had restored |
| tu | avevi restaurato | you had restored |
| lui/lei | aveva restaurato | he/she/it had restored |
| noi | avevamo restaurato | we had restored |
| voi | avevate restaurato | you (pl.) had restored |
| loro | avevano restaurato | they had restored |
Conditional perfect (Condizionale passato) Regular
The condizionale passato is for unreal or missed past results and often appears with se + trapassato prossimo in the protasis.
Avrei accettato, se mi avessero avvisato in tempo.
| Pronoun | Italian |
|---|---|
| io | avrei restaurato |
| tu | avresti restaurato |
| lui/lei | avrebbe restaurato |
| noi | avremmo restaurato |
| voi | avreste restaurato |
| loro | avrebbero restaurato |
Future perfect (Futuro anteriore) Regular
The futuro anteriore says something will already be over before a still-later future, or, like the French, can express a logical guess about a past result.
Entro le cinque, avrà già lasciato l'ufficio.
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | avrò restaurato | I will have restored |
| tu | avrai restaurato | you will have restored |
| lui/lei | avrà restaurato | he/she/it will have restored |
| noi | avremo restaurato | we will have restored |
| voi | avrete restaurato | you (pl.) will have restored |
| loro | avranno restaurato | they will have restored |
Subjunctive
Present subjunctive (Congiuntivo presente) Regular
The congiuntivo presente is required after many verbs and fixed phrases of will, fear, purpose, and doubt. Impersonal and semi-impersonal triggers (è importante che) also force the subjunctive mood.
Penso che sia la scelta giusta.
| Pronoun | Italian |
|---|---|
| io | restauri |
| tu | restauri |
| lui/lei | restauri |
| noi | restauriamo |
| voi | restauriate |
| loro | restaurino |
Imperfect subjunctive (Congiuntivo imperfetto) Regular
The congiuntivo imperfetto is the past of the congiuntivo system after a past matrix clause and in se + congi. imperf. → condizionale with unreal conditions.
Se avessi più tempo, viaggerei ogni mese.
| Pronoun | Italian |
|---|---|
| io | restaurassi |
| tu | restaurassi |
| lui/lei | restaurasse |
| noi | restaurassimo |
| voi | restauraste |
| loro | restaurassero |
Other forms
Imperative (affirmative) (Imperativo) Regular
The affirmative imperativo reuses the tu form as 3sg for -are verbs, while other conjugations use the normal tu present. It is the direct command register.
Raccontami com'è andata l'esame.
| Pronoun | Italian |
|---|---|
| tu | restaura |
| lui/lei | restauri |
| noi | restauriamo |
| voi | restaurate |
| loro | restaurino |
Imperative (negative) (Imperativo negativo) Regular
Negative commands use non + full infinitive in modern Italian, which is a distinctive rule compared to other Romance languages. Polite or indirect “please don’t” can still soften the tone in context.
Non aprire quella finestra, per favore.
| Pronoun | Italian |
|---|---|
| tu | non restaurare |
| lui/lei | non restauri |
| noi | non restauriamo |
| voi | non restaurate |
| loro | non restaurino |