studiare — Italian conjugation
to study
Indicative
Present (Presente) Irregular
The presente covers habits, ongoing situations, and plans about to start — much like English “I study” and “I am studying”. One present tense does both in Italian.
Lavora da casa tre giorni a settimana.
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | studio | I study |
| tu | studi | you study |
| lui/lei | studia | he/she/it studies |
| noi | studiamo | we study |
| voi | studiate | you (pl.) study |
| loro | studiano | they study |
Simple past (Passato remoto) Regular
The passato remoto tells a completed, narrative past, especially in the south and in literature. The passato prossimo is the normal spoken past in the north, so you choose register and region, not a difference in time alone.
Quella sera arrivò tardi, senza alibi.
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | studiai | I studied |
| tu | studiasti | you studied |
| lui/lei | studiò | he/she/it studied |
| noi | studiammo | we studied |
| voi | studiaste | you (pl.) studied |
| loro | studiarono | they studied |
Imperfect (Imperfetto) Regular
The imperfetto is for incomplete past actions, context, and repeated or habitual situations without a clear end. The passato prossimo, not the remoto, is its usual “event” partner in speech.
Da bambina passavo le estati al mare.
| Pronoun | Italian |
|---|---|
| io | studiavo |
| tu | studiavi |
| lui/lei | studiava |
| noi | studiavamo |
| voi | studiavate |
| loro | studiavano |
Conditional (Condizionale) Regular
The condizionale is for polite “would you…”, first-condition hypotheticals, and reported future from a past point of view. The classic if-chain is se + imperfetto → condizionale.
Potresti alzare un poco la voce?
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | studierei | I would study |
| tu | studieresti | you would study |
| lui/lei | studierebbe | he/she/it would study |
| noi | studieremmo | we would study |
| voi | studiereste | you (pl.) would study |
| loro | studierebbero | they would study |
Future (Futuro semplice) Regular
The futuro semplice is for predictions and far decisions. In speech you often hear the present (with a time adverb) or a paraphrase, and a famous trick is the futuro di probabilità for a present guess: saranno le tre.
Domani partiremo all'alba.
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | studierò | I will study |
| tu | studierai | you will study |
| lui/lei | studierà | he/she/it will study |
| noi | studieremo | we will study |
| voi | studierete | you (pl.) will study |
| loro | studieranno | they will study |
Present perfect (Passato prossimo) Regular
The passato prossimo is the workhorse preterit-like past in the north and in everyday Italian: avere/essere + participle, essere for reflexives, motion, and other change-of-state patterns.
Siamo andati a piedi, poi abbiamo preso l'autobus.
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | ho studiato | I have studied |
| tu | hai studiato | you have studied |
| lui/lei | ha studiato | he/she/it has studied |
| noi | abbiamo studiato | we have studied |
| voi | avete studiato | you (pl.) have studied |
| loro | hanno studiato | they have studied |
Pluperfect (Trapassato prossimo) Regular
The trapassato prossimo is “further in the past than another past” — the Italian pluperfect. It pairs with a main past clause to mark sequence.
Avevamo già mangiato quando suonò il telefono.
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | avevo studiato | I had studied |
| tu | avevi studiato | you had studied |
| lui/lei | aveva studiato | he/she/it had studied |
| noi | avevamo studiato | we had studied |
| voi | avevate studiato | you (pl.) had studied |
| loro | avevano studiato | they had studied |
Conditional perfect (Condizionale passato) Regular
The condizionale passato is for unreal or missed past results and often appears with se + trapassato prossimo in the protasis.
Avrei accettato, se mi avessero avvisato in tempo.
| Pronoun | Italian |
|---|---|
| io | avrei studiato |
| tu | avresti studiato |
| lui/lei | avrebbe studiato |
| noi | avremmo studiato |
| voi | avreste studiato |
| loro | avrebbero studiato |
Future perfect (Futuro anteriore) Regular
The futuro anteriore says something will already be over before a still-later future, or, like the French, can express a logical guess about a past result.
Entro le cinque, avrà già lasciato l'ufficio.
| Pronoun | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|
| io | avrò studiato | I will have studied |
| tu | avrai studiato | you will have studied |
| lui/lei | avrà studiato | he/she/it will have studied |
| noi | avremo studiato | we will have studied |
| voi | avrete studiato | you (pl.) will have studied |
| loro | avranno studiato | they will have studied |
Subjunctive
Present subjunctive (Congiuntivo presente) Irregular
The congiuntivo presente is required after many verbs and fixed phrases of will, fear, purpose, and doubt. Impersonal and semi-impersonal triggers (è importante che) also force the subjunctive mood.
Penso che sia la scelta giusta.
| Pronoun | Italian |
|---|---|
| io | studi |
| tu | studi |
| lui/lei | studi |
| noi | studiamo |
| voi | studiate |
| loro | studino |
Imperfect subjunctive (Congiuntivo imperfetto) Regular
The congiuntivo imperfetto is the past of the congiuntivo system after a past matrix clause and in se + congi. imperf. → condizionale with unreal conditions.
Se avessi più tempo, viaggerei ogni mese.
| Pronoun | Italian |
|---|---|
| io | studiassi |
| tu | studiassi |
| lui/lei | studiasse |
| noi | studiassimo |
| voi | studiaste |
| loro | studiassero |
Other forms
Imperative (affirmative) (Imperativo) Regular
The affirmative imperativo reuses the tu form as 3sg for -are verbs, while other conjugations use the normal tu present. It is the direct command register.
Raccontami com'è andata l'esame.
| Pronoun | Italian |
|---|---|
| tu | studia |
| lui/lei | studi |
| noi | studiamo |
| voi | studiate |
| loro | studino |
Imperative (negative) (Imperativo negativo) Regular
Negative commands use non + full infinitive in modern Italian, which is a distinctive rule compared to other Romance languages. Polite or indirect “please don’t” can still soften the tone in context.
Non aprire quella finestra, per favore.
| Pronoun | Italian |
|---|---|
| tu | non studiare |
| lui/lei | non studi |
| noi | non studiamo |
| voi | non studiate |
| loro | non studino |