estudar — Portuguese conjugation

to study

Frequency#77Irregular

Indicative

Present (Presente) Regular

The presente covers routines, states, and immediate future with adverbs like hoje or amanhã. One present form covers both English simple and progressive readings in most situations.

Ela estuda português todas as noites.

PronounPortugueseEnglish
euestudoI study
tuestudasyou study
vocêestudayou study
ele/elaestudahe/she/it studies
nósestudamoswe study
vósestudaisyou (pl.) study
vocêsestudamyou (pl.) study
eles/elasestudamthey study

Preterite (Pretérito perfeito simples) Irregular

The pretérito perfeito simples is a sharp, completed past. In European Portuguese it is the standard story-telling past; Brazilian usage often prefers the compound form in speech while keeping the simple for narrative and writing.

Ontem escreveu a carta inteira de uma vez.

PronounPortugueseEnglish
euestudeiI studied
tuestudasteyou studied
vocêestudouyou studied
ele/elaestudouhe/she/it studied
nósestudamoswe studied
vósestudastesyou (pl.) studied
vocêsestudaramyou (pl.) studied
eles/elasestudaramthey studied

Imperfect (Pretérito imperfeito) Regular

The imperfeito describes past background, repeated actions, and how things used to be. Contrast it with the simple preterite for the “main event” line of a story.

Quando era criança, brincava na praia.

PronounPortuguese
euestudava
tuestudavas
vocêestudava
ele/elaestudava
nósestudávamos
vósestudáveis
vocêsestudavam
eles/elasestudavam

Conditional (Condicional) Regular

The condicional is for polite offers, soft questions, and hypothetical “would” outcomes, and it often closes a se + imperfeito do subjuntivo chain in formal style.

Você poderia me explicar outra vez?

PronounPortugueseEnglish
euestudariaI would study
tuestudariasyou would study
vocêestudariayou would study
ele/elaestudariahe/she/it would study
nósestudaríamoswe would study
vósestudaríeisyou (pl.) would study
vocêsestudariamyou (pl.) would study
eles/elasestudariamthey would study

Future (Futuro do presente) Regular

The futuro do presente states future facts; in everyday conversation you will often hear ir + infinitive or even the present with a time adverb instead of the synthetic future.

Amanhã faremos a reunião mais cedo.

PronounPortugueseEnglish
euestudareiI will study
tuestudarásyou will study
vocêestudaráyou will study
ele/elaestudaráhe/she/it will study
nósestudaremoswe will study
vósestudareisyou (pl.) will study
vocêsestudarãoyou (pl.) will study
eles/elasestudarãothey will study

Present perfect (Pretérito perfeito composto) Regular

The pretérito perfeito composto uses ter or haver plus the participle for a past that still touches the present or happens repeatedly up to now — a “have done” perfect with strong links to European norms.

Tenho pensado nisso há semanas.

PronounPortugueseEnglish
eutenho estudadoI have studied
tutens estudadoyou have studied
vocêtem estudadoyou have studied
ele/elatem estudadohe/she/it has studied
nóstemos estudadowe have studied
vóstendes estudadoyou (pl.) have studied
vocêstêm estudadoyou (pl.) have studied
eles/elastêm estudadothey have studied

Pluperfect (Mais-que-perfeito composto) Regular

The mais-que-perfeito composto is the pluperfect: an action was already finished before another past reference. It mirrors the English “had already”.

Já tinham saído quando chegámos.

PronounPortugueseEnglish
eutinha estudadoI had studied
tutinhas estudadoyou had studied
vocêtinha estudadoyou had studied
ele/elatinha estudadohe/she/it had studied
nóstínhamos estudadowe had studied
vóstínheis estudadoyou (pl.) had studied
vocêstinham estudadoyou (pl.) had studied
eles/elastinham estudadothey had studied

Conditional perfect (Condicional composto) Regular

The condicional composto expresses a counterfactual “would have” and appears with the right kind of if-clause in the subjunctive past for unreal conditions.

Teria aceite se tiveses avisado com antecedência.

PronounPortuguese
euteria estudado
tuterias estudado
vocêteria estudado
ele/elateria estudado
nósteríamos estudado
vósteríeis estudado
vocêsteriam estudado
eles/elasteriam estudado

Future perfect (Futuro composto) Regular

The futuro composto is the future-in-the-future: something will be finished before a later time. It is less frequent than the simple future but still useful for deadlines.

Até sexta, teremos lido tudo o relatório.

PronounPortugueseEnglish
euterei estudadoI will have studied
tuterás estudadoyou will have studied
vocêterá estudadoyou will have studied
ele/elaterá estudadohe/she/it will have studied
nósteremos estudadowe will have studied
vóstereis estudadoyou (pl.) will have studied
vocêsterão estudadoyou (pl.) will have studied
eles/elasterão estudadothey will have studied

Subjunctive

Present subjunctive (Conjuntivo presente) Regular

The present subjunctive appears after want, hope, fear, and impersonal triggers, and typically requires a new subject in the subordinate clause, just as in the other main Romance languages.

Espero que encontres o caminho fácil.

PronounPortuguese
euestude
tuestudes
vocêestude
ele/elaestude
nósestudemos
vósestudeis
vocêsestudem
eles/elasestudem

Imperfect subjunctive (Conjuntivo pretérito imperf.) Regular

The imperfect subjunctive in se + subjunctive → condicional is the classic “if I were a rich man” line in European Portuguese, parallel to the Spanish -ra form.

Se tivesse mais tempo, aprenderia outro idioma.

PronounPortuguese
euestudasse
tuestudasses
vocêestudasse
ele/elaestudasse
nósestudássemos
vósestudásseis
vocêsestudassem
eles/elasestudassem

Other forms

Imperative (affirmative) (Imperativo afirmativo) Regular

The affirmative imperative in Portuguese is built with tu, você, nós, vós, and vocês forms; Brazilian norms favour você/vocês with third-person present verb shapes.

Diga a verdade, por favor.

PronounPortuguese
tuestuda
vocêestude
ele/elaestude
nósestudemos
vósestudai
vocêsestudem
eles/elasestudem

Imperative (negative) (Imperativo negativo) Regular

Negative commands require não plus the present subjunctive for each person, which is a distinctive feature compared to other Romance systems that reuse present indicative in some slots.

Não falemos com pressa, está tudo calmo.

PronounPortuguese
tunão estudes
vocênão estude
ele/elanão estude
nósnão estudemos
vósnão estudeis
vocêsnão estudem
eles/elasnão estudem